1. The Reformation Begins
Ch 11
The Reformation Begins

2. Early Calls for Reform Europeans began to criticize the wealth and
power of the Catholic Church.
1517 Monk Martin Luther questioned its authority.
Luther called for the Cathoic Church to reform. Produced
The Protestant churches.

3. John Wycliffe Speaks Out
Church officials grew wealthy collecting taxes, some
built palaces.
The church began selling indulgences. This was a
Certificate to pardon a person’s sins.
English Priest John Wycliffe told Christians to recognize
Jesus, not the Pope as head of the church.
Wycliffe told followers to read the Bible for Truth.

4. Who was Erasmus? Desiderius Erasmus – people should use reason to
Christian Humanism. Catholics that wanted to restore faith in
the Church.
Desiderius Erasmus – people should use reason to
become better Christians. Be good.
1509 – Erasmus wrote Praise of Folly. Used humor to criticize
the Church and the Pope.

5. Luther's Reformation 1500’s Luther calls for Church reform.
Luther’s teachings led to a religious revolution.

6. Who was Martin Luther?
Luther visited Rome and was shocked by the actions
of Priests ignoring Catholic rituals.
In Germany he began to question Church policy.
1517 – became angry when Pope Leo X began selling
indulgences.
Posted 95 arguments against indulgences.

8. A new Church Luther began to attack the Church, Bible was the only
truth.
1521 – Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther.
Luther’s ideas led to the creation of the Protestant Church

9. Revolts in Germany Lutheranism gave peasants hope. Peasants suffered
From poor crops and high taxes.
Peasants revolted against the nobles.
Luther supported the peasants, but feared violence. Told
Peasants to follow the government.

10. Rulers and Lutheranism
Some European rulers supported the Protestants.
They hoped to increase their power against the Church.
1519 – Charles V – Holy Roman Emperor. Many German
Rulers became Lutheran to oppose him.
Charles went to war with the Lutherans. Could not defeat
Them. Peace of Augsburg allowed a Protestant North.

11. The Reformation Begins
Ch 11
The Reformation Begins

12. Who was John Calvin? John Calvin – 1509. He studied law, humanism and
religion in Paris.
Calvin became convinced Martin Luther was right.
He fled Paris to move to Geneva.
Supported Protestantism.

13. What is Calvinism? Calvin believed that Faith brought salvation.
Predestination – God has already decided who will go to
Heaven.
Calvinism encouraged people to work hard and behave.
Calvin felt church members should choose clergy.

14. Reformation in England
In England religious change came as a result of a political
disagreement between the Pope and the King.
Religious beliefs will change later.

15. Break with Rome Henry VIII King of England from 1509 – 1547.
Henry wanted a son as Heir. Asked Pope to annul
marriage to Catherine so he could marry Anne Boleyn.
Pope refused. The Archbishop of Canterbury annulled
the marriage. Henry excommunicated.
Act of Supremacy. Made the King the head of the
new Church of England.

16. Who was Bloody Mary?
Anglican Church – Protestant ideas, Catholic Rituals.
English Catholics supported Mary. She restored the
Catholic Church in England.
Over 300 Protestants arrested and burned at the stake.
Elizabeth, Protestant daughter of Henry takes the
throne. Restores Anglican Church, great ruler.

17. Calvinism in England
Many English supported the Anglican Church, but some
became Calvinists.
These later became Puritans, did not recognize the
Anglican Bishops.
James I opposed the Puritans, Charles I (son) closed the
Puritan churches.

18. Revolts in Germany Lutheranism gave peasants hope. Peasants suffered
From poor crops and high taxes.
Peasants revolted against the nobles.
Luther supported the peasants, but feared violence. Told
Peasants to follow the government.

19. The Catholic Reformation
Ch 11
The Catholic
Reformation

20. The Catholic Reformation
1500’s-1600’s Catholics wanted to improve the Church.
Wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism.
The Catholic Reformation regained some areas of
Europe.

21. Catholic Reforms
Pope Paul III Called a council of Bishops. Met between
1545 – Looked to reforms.
Council of Trent – ended the sale of indulgences.
Set strict rules of behavior for Bishops and Priests.
Set-up seminaries to train Priests.
1540 New order of Priests, Jesuits.
Ignatius of Loyola former soldier, founded Jesuits.

22. Catholic Spain Protestant ideas were not popular in Spain.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella united Spain in 1469
1400’s Muslims, Christians and Jews all lived in Spain.
Spain’s rulers pushed Jews and Muslims to convert to
Catholicism.

23. Spanish Inquisition The Spanish Inquisition was a religious court.
Planned to punish those guilty of Heresy.
Tomas de Torquemada led the Sp. inq. Used torture,
About 2000 Spaniards killed.
1492 – All Jews ordered to convert or leave, 10 years
later Muslims ordered to do the same.
Don Quixote written during this time.

24. The Catholic Reformation
Ch 11
The Catholic
Reformation

25. Religious Wars Mid – 1500’s Northern Europe – Protestant.
Southern Europe – Catholic.
Religion was used to unite Kingdoms. Kings and
Queens expected their subjects to have their religion.
1500’s – Religious wars broke out between countries.

26. Spanish Armada England – Protestant power. Spain Catholic power.
King Phillip of Spain invaded England.
1588 Phillip send Armada to England.
The English attacked the Spanish in the English Channel
England defeated Spain and became a powerful nation.

27. Religious Conflict in France
1500’s – France had many Catholics, but the wealthy
became Protestants called Huguenots.
French nobles hoped to weaken King Henry II.
1559 – Henry died, then his son Francis II. Catherine
de’ Medici became ruler.

28. Influential Rulers
Catherine wanted to keep a strong kingdom. Supported
both Catholics and Huguenots.
1572 – violence breaks out between Catholics
and Huguenots.
1589 Henry Navarre Became King Henry IV.
Converted to Catholic.
Henry IV worked to end fighting.
1598, Henry IV issued The Edict of Nantes. Made
Catholic official religion, but allowed Huguenots.

29. Thirty Years War
The most violent religious war was in Bohemia (Czech).
Protestant Nobles rebelled against the Catholic King.
German Protestants joined the fight.
War lasted from 1618 – Spain and the Roman
Empire supported the Catholics.
France joined the Protestants to gain territory & wealth.
1648 – Signed the Peace of Westphalia.