1. 1 week to write a cheatsheet must be checked in w/ Tosspon

2. Vocabulary (Commonly confused words)  What are the MOST COMMON words on the list?  There, Their, They’re  Too, two, To

3. Identify Sentence vs Fragment Chpt 5  To be a sentence it needs:  Subject (who/what is doing the action)  Verb (the action)  A complete thought.  Watch out for those prepositional phrases!  Prepositional phrases can NEVER have the subject or the verb!

4. Steps to find the Subject Chpt 3  Cross out Prepositions/Prepositional Phrase  Cross out THERE/WHERE/HERE  Look for the VERB (ACTION)  If the verb starts the sentence, is it a command? If so, the subject is YOU!!!!! You have to write it in!  Ask “who is doing that action”?  Then ask, “Can this item/person REALLY do this action?”

5. Finding the Subject  Just figure out what the ACTION is and Who/What is performing it! Mr. Morton! http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rock s!#Subject Remember that finding the subject of the sentence isn’t too bad!

6. Run-ons (Pg 145, Chpt 8)  Run-ons are independent clauses that have been combined incorrectly.  There are several types:  The AND run-on (1 and per sentence!)  The Fused run-on  The comma splice We will be going into detail on each one

7. The and run on (pg 146)  The AND run-on: two or more relatively long independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction without any punctuation.  I met Charlyce in a yoga class a the YWCA and we liked each other immediately and we soon became friends and we often hang out at each other’s houses.

8. The Fused run on (pg 146)  The Fused run-on : two or more independent clauses run together without any punctuation.  I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA we soon became friends.

9. Comma Splice Run on  The comma-splice run-on : two or more independent clauses run together only a comma.  I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA, we soon became friends.  Combine correctly: Comma + Coordinating conjunction Semicolon (;) Period (separate entirely) Semicolon + Adverbial conjunction + Comma (…YWCA; therefore, we…

10. Parts of Speech – particularly the Preposition (pg 41!!!!!)  Pg 41  Video - http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Prepositions http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Prepositions  Over the rainbow.

11. Nouns Video: http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Gra mmar+Rocks%21#Noun  Nouns are  People  Places  Things  Ideas They CAN be the subject of the sentence, but a sentence can have more nouns than just the subject

12. Finding Nouns – ways to categorize Concrete Name things we can see or touch Face People Jewelry Watch Abstract Things we cannot see or touch Loneliness Patriotism Beauty Time  Common  Name general things (not capitalized)  aunt  country  watch  Proper  Name particular persons, places, or things (caps)  Aunt Meriam  Nigeria  Timex

13.  Take out the handout and fill in what you know about nouns, pronouns, & prepositions  Next we’ll watch the videos for Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Interjections Those parts of speech

14. Pronouns Link: http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Pronoun http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Pronoun

15.  Describe nouns  http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adjectives http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adjectives Adjectives

16.  Describe Verbs or adjectives  http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adverbs http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Adverbs Adverbs

17.  For  And  Nor  But  Or  Yet  So http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Gramm ar+Rocks%21#Conjunctions Conjunction Join phrases clauses

18.  http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Interjections http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Interjections Interjections

19.  Prepositions! Pg 41  Show relationships  http://ttosspon.wikispac es.com/Grammar+Rocks %21#Prepositions http://ttosspon.wikispac es.com/Grammar+Rocks %21#Prepositions Prepositions!

20.  Verbs  http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Verb http://ttosspon.wikispa ces.com/Grammar+Ro cks%21#Verb Verbs

21. Appositive Phrases  Appositive phrases are a group of words that give us extra information about a noun or pronoun in that sentence.  Appositive phrases are set off by commas  The subject is NEVER found within the appositive phrase.  Martin Johnson, the retired salesperson, sat at his desk. ______________________________ appositive phrase

22.  Verbs tell time  Test the sentence by adding Today, Yesterday, or tomorrow.  Today she dances.  Yesterday she danced.  Tomorrow she will dance. How to Find the Verb pg 47

23.  Tells what the subject is doing and when the action occurs.  Examples:  Arrive, leave, learn, write, open, write, teach (pg 48)  The woman studied ballet. Action Verbs

24.  Links the subject of a sentence to one or more words that describe or identify the subject.  Examples:  (see pg 49)  Act, appear, become, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seems, smells, sounds, tastes, turns  Be (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been)  She seems distracted Linking Verbs

25.  Combines with a main verb to form a verb phrase. It always comes before the main verb and expresses a special meaning or a particular time.  Examples:  (see pg 51)  Can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will  Being, been, am, is, was, are, were  Has, have, had  Does, do, did  He is sleeping  He might sleep  He should sleep.  He could have been sleeping. Helping Verbs

26. The person/thing doing the action

27. Commands and Requests  In 'commands' and 'requests' the subject is usually not stated. The predicate is the entire sentence. The pronoun 'you' is understood to be the subject. Examples are: Listen! Please see me. Be careful. [You]

28. Questions  Questions frequently begin with a verb or a helping verb or the words 'who, whom, what, when, where, why,or how.' examples are:  Did he reply? Have you read Nikki Giovanni's poetry? What do they sing?  In these cases, the subject generally follows the verb or helping verb.  To find the subject of a question, rearrange the words to form a statement.  Example: He did reply. You have read Nikki Giovanni's poetry. They do sing. Verb

29. Inverted Sentence Order  A sentence written in 'inverted order', in which the predicate comes before the subject, serves to add emphasis to the subject.  Examples are: Under the moonlight sat the old cypress tree. Above the forest circled three hawks. Verb

30. Here and There  The word 'there' or 'here is' is never the subject.  When the word 'there' or 'here' begins a sentence and is followed by a form of the verb 'to be', the subject follows the verb. are  Example: Here 'are' (P) the 'quilts' (S)from my grandma. are  Rephrase it! The quilts are from my grandmother.

31. Prepositional Phrases  Remember, a word in a prepositional phrase is never the subject.  Prepositions are words that tell where or what kind. Word list on pg 41: AboutBehindExceptOntoToward AboveBelowForOutUnder AcrossBeneathFromOutsideUnderneath AfterBesideInOverUnlike

32. Pre-writing techniques  Brainstorm  Cluster  Outline  Freewrite

33. types of essays/paragraphs Know the types and how to do them. You will have 1 paragraph to write  Illustration  Narration  Description  Process Analysis (giving directions)