1. Tosspon Engl 155 Due today: Outline (turn in at the end of class) Agenda 1.Run-On sentences - Review Sentence/Fragment/Run on 2.Begin writing paper – Using the Outline! 3.Incorporating research 4.Quoting/paraphrasing

2. Quick review: Fragments To be a complete sentence- – Subject – Verb – Express a complete thought Watch for words like “although” and “because”! Because I went to the park. Fragment!

3. Clauses A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb SubjectVerb Youstink. Sallyis talking. SubjectVerb Ilovegrammar Sallyis talkingloudly wMost clauses have further information after the verb

4. Two Types of Clauses Independent clause (Main clause) – Can stand alone as a sentence – Can be joined to another clause – Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder. Dependent clause (Subordinate clause) – Cannot stand alone as a sentence – Must be joined to an independent clause – Because he wanted to make his own firecrackers. Independent clause (Main clause) – Can stand alone as a sentence – Can be joined to another clause – Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder. Dependent clause (Subordinate clause) – Cannot stand alone as a sentence – Must be joined to an independent clause – Because he wanted to make his own firecrackers. A word that joins clauses is a conjunction

5. Joining Clauses A dependent clause can be joined to an independent clause to make a sentence – Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder because he wanted to make his own firecrackers. Or – Because he wanted to make his own firecrackers, Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder. When the sentence starts with the dependent clause, it must have a comma before the independent clause

6. Run-ons Run-ons are independent clauses that have been combined incorrectly. There are several types: – The AND run-on – The Fused run-on – The comma splice We will be going into detail on each one

7. The and run on (pg 146) two or more relatively long independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction without any punctuation. Goal 1 AND per sentence (some situations warrant 2) (Because this has no punctuation, we have to read it in one breath.) – I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA and we liked each other immediately and we soon became friends and we often hang out at each other’s houses.

8. The Fused run on two or more independent clauses run together without any punctuation. – The girls made the fire the boys cooked the steaks.

9. The comma splice run-on The comma splice: two or more independent clauses run together with only a comma. – I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA, we soon became friends. – Sounds right? It is actually two separate independent ideas/clauses. We COULD add a ; (semicolon) to make it correct, or we could separate into two sentences.

10. Review: Run ON Fragment= incomplete 2 or more independent clauses (whole sentences) combined incorrectly. – Too many ANDS (goal 1-2 “and”s per sentence) – Fused Jammed together with no punctuation – Comma Splice Jammed together with just a comma (need comma conjunction!!!) I went to the store and bought a candy bar and who did I see there but Kevin who got me a coke and so we went to the park together. Kevin bought me a coke so we went to the park together. Kevin bought me a coke, we went to the park together

11. Practice- Packet 1. I'd like to buy a piano, but I really don't have the money right now. 2. She gives wonderful parties, I can't wait for her next one. 3. The people on the park bench who meet every day and eat lunch together. 4. I'm saving money for a trip to Oklahoma my brother lives out there. 5. He was beaming he got an A on the exam. 1. No Change! I'd like to buy a piano, but I really don't have the money right now.. 2. Run On! She gives wonderful parties. I can't wait for her next one. 3. Fragment! The people on the park bench who meet every day and eat lunch together. ; 4. Run on! I'm saving money for a trip to Oklahoma ; my brother lives out there. 5. Run on! He was beaming. He got an A on the exam.

12. Game! Sentence/Fragment/Run on Free- throw Contest Each team – choose a shooting order – 1 pt – identify Sentence, Fragment, Run on – 1 pt – correct Fragment, Run on, OR identify Subject/Verb of sentence

13. Using Outlines to Write the Paper Tosspon’s English 155 Heald College

14. Use Outline form Address EACH reason Child care Should be free! Child care should be free Russia provides it, why can’t we? Free care would prevent abuse and neglect

15. Essay planning part 2 Take each one of your “Reasons” from the topic starter Develop each one more fully into a paragraph with 2+ examples Free care would prevent abuse and neglect A 2007 survey of 1,000 children who were left at home unattended found that their parents could not afford child care. Parents who neglect their kids do so because care not affordable If childcare was free, it would prevent abuse and neglect My neighbors leave their 4yr old unattended Because it is unaffordable, they don’t seek childcare Step 1: write a statement for that reason Step 2: Prove (give examples that support) that statement using a direct quote OR paraphrase Step 3: Explain: What does that SHOW about this topic Step 4: Explain: how does that connect to your THESIS! Use phrases: This shows that…

16. Direct Quotes

17. Quote Sandwich

18. Quotation Punctuation Period goes AFTER the quote Citation: use 1 st thing in the Works Cited page (usually author’s last name or article title)

19. Works Cited Use www.easybib.comwww.easybib.com Make sure ALL information is correct Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE – Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007

20. Homework: Final Paper – next week in class we type the rough draft Grammar from textbook