1. The past participle used as adverbial

2. 2. Asked about the matter, she kept silent. 1. Once published, his work became famous. Once it was published... When she was asked about the matter… His work was published. She was asked…

3. 过去分词作状语 过去分词短语作状语，可表 示原因、时间、条件、伴随 等，分别相当于一个状语从 句。与主句主语是被动关系， 表示完成或被动的动作。

4. ㈠ 表示时间 1. Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. = When / If the park is seen from the hill… 2. When heated, water can be changed into steam. = When it is heated…

5. 1.When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 2. ___ many times, the problems were settled at last. A. Discussing B. Being discussed C. After discussing D. Discussed

6. ㈡ 表示条件 Kept in the refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. = If they are kept in the refrigerator …

7. 1. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. To give B. Given C. Giving D. Having given 2. Unless ____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited

8. ㈢ 表示原因 Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. =As they were deeply moved by the story…

9. 1. _______ black and blue, the lady couldn’t move. couldn’t move. A ． Beaten B ． Beating A ． Beaten B ． Beating C ． To be beaten D ． To beat C ． To be beaten D ． To beat 2. ______ into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. A. Being born B. To be born C. Born D. Be born

10. ＝ Although he was much tired … ㈣ 表示让步 1. Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. = Although he was beaten by the enemy… 2. Much tired, he still kept on working.

11. ㈤ 表示伴随情况, 相当于 and 引起的并列分句 1. She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. = She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter. = She sat by the window, and was lost in thought. 2. She sat by the window, lost in thought.

12. 1.___ in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. Wearing B. Dressing C. Dressed D. Having dressed 2. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ____. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted

13. ( 六 ) 表示结果, 相当于 and 引起的并列分句 The boy did not obey the school rules, published by the teacher. = The boy did not obey the school rules, and was published by the teacher.

14. ( 七 ) 独立主格结构：名词（代词） + 分词 1. Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. （原因） 2.Too much time given, he would do it better. =As her glasses were broken… =If too much time was given… （条件）

15. 1. His mother being ill, he had to stay at home to look after her. 2. The sun setting, they went home. 比较： = As his mother was ill… = When the sun set…

16. Used for a long time, the book looks old. Using the book, I find it useful. Seen from the hill, our school is beautiful. Seeing the beautiful school, we are happy. He came into the classroom, followed by some students. He came into the classroom, following some students.

17. 1. Though invited, but they didn’t attend the party. 3. Working hard, and you’ll succeed. 分词与主句间不能用连词 but, so, and, or 2. Well known for his expert advice, so he was able to help many people with their personal affairs.