1. ANTIETAM THE BLOODIEST DAY IN MARYLAND 1861 Union & Confederate Military Strategy

2. Map of US 1860-1863

3. Resources North v. South

4. Union Confederacy Larger Population Greater industrial capacity Better transportation ability (rail)rail Defending “home” Interior lines of supply Interior lines of communication Military Advantages

5. Union Confederacy Industry dominated the economy of the north Urban cities Factories rapidly produced products such as textiles and farm equipment The majority of railroads existed in the north to transport the goods Telegraph wires were strung along the railroads for easy communication Factories gave jobs to thousands of immigrants that eventually gained the ability to vote-opposed slavery Slave labor was in direct competition with free labor and threatened people’s paying jobs Agriculture dominated the economy Rural towns and plantations Relied on staple crops-COTTON Raw goods transported by river Few immigrants settled in the south because of slave labor-those that did were anti-slavery The south feared that if slavery ended then the south would be left in an extreme state of poverty Economic Advantages Disadvantages

7. Strategy in the South "... It is one thing to drive the rebels from the south bank of the Potomac, or even to occupy Richmond, but another to reduce and hold in permanent subjection a tract of country nearly as large as Russia in Europe... No war of independence ever terminated unsuccessfully except where the disparity of force was far greater than it is in this case... Just as England during the revolution had to give up conquering the colonies so the North will have to give up conquering the South....“ Military Analyst for the London Times.

8. Anaconda Plan

17. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

19. Hospital Tent during the Civil War

20. Clara Barton Dorothea Dix Harriet Tubman Sojourner Truth All served as Civil War nurses. Main stricture Older than 30 and of plain dress. Pay was 40 cents a day.

22. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862

23. McClellan’s Strategy for the South

24. Battle of Bull Run, prior to Antietam.

25. General George McClellan General Robert E. Lee

26. Gen. McClellan "He is an able general but a very cautious one. His army is in a very demoralized and chaotic condition, and will not be prepared for offensive operations—or he will not think it so—for three or four weeks. Before that time I hope to be on the Susquehanna.“ Gen. Robert E. Lee McClellan and his wife Mary Ellen Marcy

28. General McClellan Passing Through Frederick City, Maryland at the Head of the Army of the Potomac, September 12, 1862 by Edwin Forbes

29. “no more defensible than a well bottom.” Written by A Federal Soldier

30. South Mountain What do you see in the picture showing the evidence of the battle?

31. Infantry The basic Civil War tactic was to put a lot of men next to one another in a line and have them move and shoot together. Muzzle-loading muskets could be fired a maximum of 3 times a minute. For attackers, once under serious fire the rate of advance might be increased to a so- called "double-quick time" of 165 steps per minute (about 150 yards per minute)

32. Artillery Cannon fire could break up an infantry attack or dissuade enemy infantry from attacking in the first place. Its mere presence could also reassure friendly infantry and so exert a moral effect that might be as important as its physical effect on the enemy.

33. At Antietam the Union cavalry suffered exactly 5 men killed and 23 wounded. Horses required about 26 pounds of feed and forage per day.

34. Phases of the Battle of Antietam

35. The Bloody Lane-Second Phase Of the Battle of Antietam.

37. "Those in whose judgment I rely tell me that I fought the battle splendidly and that it was a masterpiece of art.... I feel I have done all that can be asked in twice saving the country.... I feel some little pride in having, with a beaten & demoralized army, defeated Lee so utterly.... Well, one of these days history will I trust do me justice.“ General George McClellan

38. Was McClellen right? Tomorrow, you be the judge. 1.Be here by 6:45 near the auditorium entrance. 2.Dress warmly, bring a bag lunch, bring drinks. 3.Somebody bring a camera!