1. Language1 Words, Words, and More Words Chapter 4 Lecture An Early Communication Theory: General Semantics The Listening – Lights http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= hAx6oFHnb0c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= hAx6oFHnb0c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= hAx6oFHnb0c

2. Language2 General Semantics Even though general semantics is no longer influential in the field of communication, it made and makes valuable contributions to our understanding of what happens when people talk to one another. Even though general semantics is no longer influential in the field of communication, it made and makes valuable contributions to our understanding of what happens when people talk to one another.

3. Language3 CHARACTER OF SYMBOLS Symbols are arbitrary. Symbols are arbitrary. Symbols are abstract. Symbols are abstract. Symbols are ambiguous. Symbols are ambiguous. Consider this clip from No Country for Old Men http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP1v85 pUuoI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP1v85 pUuoI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP1v85 pUuoI

4. Language4 TRY IT OUT, p. 79 Each individual needs to write a definition of each of the following words or phrases. Each individual needs to write a definition of each of the following words or phrases. Committed relationship Committed relationship Men's communication. Men's communication. Women's communication. Women's communication. Compare your definitions with those of other students in your group. How do your meanings differ? How might your and others' standpoints explain the differences? Compare your definitions with those of other students in your group. How do your meanings differ? How might your and others' standpoints explain the differences?

5. Language5 HOW SHOULD WE SAY IT?!?! Work with team members to collaboratively write appropriate language for the following circumstances. Select a spokesperson to share the groups words for each item. Acceptance. Acceptance. Advice. Advice. Apology. Apology. Complaint. Complaint. Congratulations. Congratulations. Get well. Get well.

6. Language6 Meanings are contextual. Korzybski believed that communication problems often occur when we rely on our maps, or words, to assign meanings instead of referring to the territories, or actual phenomena of experience. Korzybski believed that communication problems often occur when we rely on our maps, or words, to assign meanings instead of referring to the territories, or actual phenomena of experience.

7. Language7 Remedies for Misunderstanding Etc. Etc. Indexing Indexing Feedforward--anticipate effects of communication and adapt to the anticipated effects in advance. Feedforward--anticipate effects of communication and adapt to the anticipated effects in advance.

8. Language8 How can we use language more effectively?

9. Language9 Are there differences? What are the differences in communication based on gender? What are the differences in communication based on gender?

10. Language10 Women use more words to make their point. True False ? Women use more words to make their point. True False ?

11. Language11 Questionable. “The myth is that women use many more words per day than men. Recent research, using an electronically activated recorder (EAR), says the “data fails to reveal a reliable sex difference in daily word use. Women and men both use on the average about 16,000 words per day, with very large individual differences around this mean.”[112] Questionable. “The myth is that women use many more words per day than men. Recent research, using an electronically activated recorder (EAR), says the “data fails to reveal a reliable sex difference in daily word use. Women and men both use on the average about 16,000 words per day, with very large individual differences around this mean.”[112][112]

12. Language12 2 Men are more competitive in their speaking. True False ? 2 Men are more competitive in their speaking. True False ?

13. Language13 Yes 2 Men are more competitive in their speaking. True False ? 2 Men are more competitive in their speaking. True False ?

14. Language14 3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True False ? 3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True False ?

15. Language15 Yes 3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True False ? 3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True False ?

16. Language16 4 Women are more supportive conversationalists. True False ? 4 Women are more supportive conversationalists. True False ?

17. Language17 Yes 4 Women are more supportive conversationalists. True False ? 4 Women are more supportive conversationalists. True False ?

18. Language18 5 Men are more direct in their communication. True False ? 5 Men are more direct in their communication. True False ?

19. Language19 Yes 5 Men are more direct in their communication. True False ? 5 Men are more direct in their communication. True False ?

20. Language20 6 Women disclose more personal information to others than men do. True False ? 6 Women disclose more personal information to others than men do. True False ?

21. Language21 Yes 6 Women disclose more personal information to others than men do. True False ? 6 Women disclose more personal information to others than men do. True False ?

22. Language22 7 Women have larger vocabularies for describing emotions and aesthetics. True False ? 7 Women have larger vocabularies for describing emotions and aesthetics. True False ?

23. Language23 Yes

24. Language24 Gender Possibilities Men use speech to report, to compete, to gain attention, and to maintain their positions in a social hierarchy. Men use speech to report, to compete, to gain attention, and to maintain their positions in a social hierarchy. Women use speech to gain rapport, maintain relationships, and reflect a sense of community.”[110] Women use speech to gain rapport, maintain relationships, and reflect a sense of community.”[110][110] Women often use language to connect with others, while men are more inclined to use language to enhance their independence and status. Women often use language to connect with others, while men are more inclined to use language to enhance their independence and status.

25. Language25 Sex as Communication

26. Language26 Men’s Listening

27. Language27 Men Show Affection How?

28. Language28 Men are more interested in visual stimulation, physical details. Women are more interested in tactile sensations, emotional overtones, and intimacy.”[119] Men are more interested in visual stimulation, physical details. Women are more interested in tactile sensations, emotional overtones, and intimacy.”[119][119] Men prefer to talk about actions rather than emotions.[120] Over lunch, the guys may throw around a football, while women talk about their lives. Men prefer to talk about actions rather than emotions.[120] Over lunch, the guys may throw around a football, while women talk about their lives.[120]

29. Language29 Men tend to pull away and silently think about what’s bothering them, Men tend to pull away and silently think about what’s bothering them, Women tend to want to talk about it.[121] Women tend to want to talk about it.[121][121]

30. Language30 Men tend to want a kind of love that is accepting, trusting, and appreciative; Men tend to want a kind of love that is accepting, trusting, and appreciative; Women primarily need a kind of love that is caring, understanding, and respectful.[122] Women primarily need a kind of love that is caring, understanding, and respectful.[122][122]