1. Biocontrol agents and biopesticides in potato IPM End Next

2. 1.Conservation and augmentation of predators like lady bird beetles, lace wing bugs, spiders, insectivorous birds EndPrevious Next

3. Avoid insecticidal application in fields where natural population of these predators is available. If unavoidable, apply insecticides during the afternoon hours when predatory activity is minimum Periodic augmentative releases of commercially available predator species may be necessary Lady bird beetles and lace wing bugs Generalized predators of aphids, white fly, leaf hoppers & mites Fig. Predatory lady bird beetle Fig. Lace wing bug Source: http://www.potatocongress.org/wpc/Paul-Horne.pdf EndPrevious Next

4. Naturally present in most agricultural fields Avoid use of persistent soil insecticides to conserve these predators Carabid beetles Good predators of white grubs, cut worm larvae, nymphs of mole cricket and field crickets Fig. Carabid beetles Source: http://www.organicagcentre.ca/Potato%20Symposium/Christine%20Noronha/ EndPrevious Next

5. Spiders are good predators of aphids, white fly, leaf hoppers,epilachna beetles and mites Encourage their activity by avoiding injudicious use of chemical pesticides Predatory spiders of potato ecosystem Fig. Predatory spiders of potato ecosystem Source: www.google.co.in/images EndPrevious Next

6. They feed on insects like aphids, coccids and nematodes Very fast moving and abundantly available in potato fields (also available commercially) Restrict use of insecticides when they are abundant in the field Predatory Phytoseiid mites: EndPrevious Next

7. Birds play an important role in controlling white grub, cut worm, mole cricket and field cricket Common insectivorous birds are black drongo, house sparrow, cattle egrets, House crow, jungle crow, common myna, bank myna, Indian robin and parrot Common predatory birds Bird perches may be erected to facilitate their predation Fig. Common predatory birds Source: AINP on White grubs, Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13 EndPrevious Next

8. 2. Conservation and utilization of parasitoids EndPrevious Next

9. Field release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh/ha to destroy cut worm eggs Trichocard Fig. Trichogramma parasitizing lepidopteran eggs Fig.Trichocard with Trichogramma for field release Source: http://www.nbaii.res.in/PDBC-NAIP/home.html EndPrevious Next

10. Release egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus blackburni @ 30000/ha at 40 and 70 days after planting against potato tuber moth Fig. Chelonus blackburni Source: http://www.nbaii.res.in/Featured%20insects/chelonus7.jpg EndPrevious Next

11. Copidosoma koehleri Release of this parasitoid @ 1 lakh/ha can effectively control potato tuber moth in both field and storage conditions Fig. Copidosoma koehleri parasitizing the eggs and larvae of potato tuber moth Source :http://www.potatocongress.org/wpc/Paul-Horne.pdf EndPrevious Next

12. Techinid flies are important parasitoids of cut worms, white grubs etc. Parasitiods like Encarsia spp. are important against whiteflies. Conserve their population by avoiding unnecessary use of chemical pesticides Fig. Encarsia spp. Source: www. oisat.org Fig. Technid fly Source: http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=Tachinid+fly&hl EndPrevious Next

13. 3. Use of microbials EndPrevious Next

14. Pre-sowing soil application of entomopathogenic fungi like white muscardine fungus (Beauveria bassiana) and green muscardine fungus (Metarhizium anisopilae ) @ 10 g/m 2 (containing 10 12 spores /ha) against white grub and cut worm larvae, mole crickets, field crickets Application of entomopathogenic fungus, Verticillium lacanii @ 48 X 10 6 /ml is effective against epilachna beetles 12 EndPrevious Next

15. Entomophilic nematode Heterorhabditis indica @ 10g talc/ m 2 (containing @ 4 billion IJs/ha ) is effective against white grub larvae, mole cricket & field cricket Application of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis @ 3 X 10 6 reduces infestation of epilachna beetles Fig. Entomophilic Nematode Source: www.ainpwhitegrubs.com Fig. Bacteria Source: www.ainpwhitegrubs.com EndPrevious Next

16. 4. Biopesticides EndPrevious Next

17. Procedure for preparing neem leaf extract Click on the video to visualize Video : Double click on the photograph for video Courtesy; Ms. Deepa Bhattacharyya, Director, Documentary on Organic Farming, RKD Film Production, Guwahati, Assam EndPrevious Next

18. Application of mustard oil cake @ 150 kg/ha at the time of earthing up of potato reduces red ant, cut worm and termite infestation to a great extent Fig. Mustard oil cake Source: http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://1.imimg.com/data/W/5/MY-774903/master-oil-cake- and-soabin-oil-cake_10626548_250x250.jpg&imgrefurl EndPrevious Next

19. Spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5 % to manage foliar damage caused by larvae of tuber moth Cover the stored potato tubers with branches of Lantana or Eupatorium to repel ovipositing tuber moths Use 4cm thick layer of shade dried neem or Eucalyptus leaves under and over the stored seed potato tubers for controlling potato tuber moth EndPrevious Next

20. Spray 5% NSKE or neem oil spray @ 1% or pongamia oil (0.75%) against leaf hoppers and aphids Soil application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha along the plant rows is effective against leaf hoppers EndPrevious