1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 6, part 3 Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 6-5 The Dynamic Nature of Bone

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Remodeling Exercise Hormone levels Growth hormone and thyroxine increase bone mass Calcitonin and PTH control blood calcium levels continually changing

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 6.12 Figure 6.12 A Chemical Analysis of Bone

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 99% body’s calcium in the skeleton Calcium ion concentration maintained by bones GI tract and kidneys Calcitonin and PTH regulate blood calcium levels Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels PTH increases blood calcium levels The skeleton is a calcium reserve

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 6.13a Figure 6.13 Factors that Alter the Concentration of Calcium Ions in Body Fluids

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 6.13b Figure 6.13 Factors that Alter the Concentration of Calcium Ions in Body Fluids

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fracture hematoma External callus Internal callus Fracture repair

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 6.14 Steps in the Repair of a Fracture Figure 6.14

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 6-6 Bone Markings (Surface Features)

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Are characteristic for each bone and each individual Markings include Elevations Projections Depressions Grooves and tunnels Bone markings

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 6-7 Aging and the Skeletal System

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osteopenia Osteoporosis Effects of aging include

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 6.16 Figure 6.16 The Effects of Osteoporosis

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings You should now be familiar with: The functions of the skeletal system. Bones and their major markings. Cell types in bone and their functions. Spongy and compact bone. Intramembranous and endochondral ossification. The effects of nutrition, hormones, exercise and aging on the bones. The types of fractures.