1. Section 1 Segregation and Social Tensions
Chapter 7
Section 1
Segregation and Social Tensions

2. DURING RECONSTRUCTION THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SOUGHT TO SECURE EQUAL RIGHTS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS
DURING THE GILDED AGE THEY AND OTHER MINORITIES LOST SOME OF THOSE RIGHTS

3. African Americans Lose Freedoms
1876-President Hayes removed federal troops from the South – Allowed southern states to resume control over African Americans
Southern states enacted measures to disenfranchise- take away voting rights from African Americans
Also enacted Jim Crow Laws – To keep Blacks and Whites segregated

4. VOTING RIGHTS
15th Amendment – prohibited states from denying someone the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Southern states got around the amendment by passing restrictive measures:
1. Poll Tax- required voters to pay a tax to vote- began in Georgia-charged $1 to $2 to vote
2. Literacy Tests- had to prove the ability to read before voting.

8. BECAUSE AFRICAN AMERICANS HAD BEEN EXPLOITED ECONOMICALLY AND DENIED AN EDUCATION, THESE RESTRICTIONS DISQUALIFIED MANY OF THEM AS VOTERS
SOUTHERN STATES ALSO ENACTED GRANDFATHER CLAUSES - WHICH ALLOWED A PERSON TO VOTE AS LONG AS HIS ANCESTORS HAD VOTED PRIOR TO 1866 – THE ANCESTORS OF BLACK FREEDMEN DID NOT VOTE PRIOR TO THIS DATE

9. GRANDFATHER CLAUSES ALLOWED POOR WHITE AND ILLITERATE WHITES TO VOTE BUT NOT BLACKS TO VOTE
SOUTHERN STATES ALSO ESTABLISHED ALL WHITE PRIMARIES – MEANING ONLY WHITES GOT TO CHOOSE WHO GOT TO RUN IN GENERAL ELECTIONS
AS A RESULT OF THESE MEASURES BLACK PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS FELL DRAMATICALLY

10. LAWS AND SEGREGATION Jim Crow became a way of life in the South
Some opposed Jim Crow Laws on the grounds that if some aspects of life were segregated, all aspects would be in time and this would place a burden on society
In Northern states Black migrants found many examples of De Facto segregation-actual segregation- like restrictions on where they could live and work

11. Though difficult to read here, the signs on this cartoon indicate the inequalities of life under Jim Crow. Is the point muted by the way in which the cartoonist portrays the woman?

12. Supreme Court ruled in cases that undermined
the Civil Rights of African Americans-
PLESSY V. FERGUSON- court upheld the
constitutionality of Jim Crow Laws- as long as
the facilities were equal, they could be
separate

13. AFRICAN AMERICANS OPPOSE INJUSTICES
African Americans refused to be treated like
second class citizens- established
organizations, schools, and political
associations to secure their freedoms

14. Booker T. Washington The most famous Black leader during the
late 19th century
Argued that African Americans needed
to accommodate themselves to
segregation-
they should not focus on overturning
Jim Crow Laws- should build up their
economic resources and establish their
reputations as hardworking and honest
citizens

15. Booker T. Washington Washington poured his energies
into the TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE in
Macon County Alabama- under him
the school became known for
providing industrial education or
vocational education
Washington thought this
type of education would
prepare African Americans
to exercise the privileges of
citizenship

16. W.E.B. Du Bois First African American to earn a Ph.D.
from Harvard-criticized Washington’s
willingness to accommodate southern whites
Argued that Blacks should demand full
and immediate equality and not limit
themselves to vocational education
Did not believe that the right to vote
was a privilege that Blacks needed to
earn

17. IDA B. WELLS Owned newspaper called FREE SPEECH
and wrote numerous articles that
condemned the mistreatment of Blacks
After an attack on a friend in Memphis
she wrote an editorial attacking the
practice of lynching in the South
Local Whites responded to Well’s
editorial by running her out of town
She wrote three pamphlets aimed at
awakening the nation to what she
described as the “Southern Horrors” of
legalized murder

18. Discrimination Against The Chinese
California barred cities from employing
people of Chinese ancestry
San Francisco established a segregated
“ORIENTAL” school
Mobs attacked Chinese workers saying
they had taken “White” jobs
Led to Congress passing the “Chinese
Exclusion Act” which prohibited
Chinese laborers from entering the
country

19. Women Women played a prominent role in many reform movements including
the drive to abolish slavery
They began to fight for their right
to vote, own property, and receive
an education

20. Susan B. Anthony Felt betrayed because women were not included in
the Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments

21. Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
In 1869 Anthony and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton formed the
National Women Suffrage
Association to fight for a
constitutional amendment
that would give women the
right to vote

22. Anthony voted in
Rochester, NY in 1872
and was arrested and
convicted in
Federal Court
By the time of her death
in 1906, four states had
given women the right
to vote: Wyoming, Utah,
Colorado, and Idaho

23. Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Frances Willard

24. Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
Led by Frances Willard to stop the sale of liquor but also fought for women’s right to vote- she believed women needed the right to vote to stop the sale of alcohol
Also promoted other social causes such as Public Health and Welfare Reform