1. Organizational Behavior
DR. CHANDAN KUMAR SAHOO
M.Phil., Ph.D.

2. Organizational Behavior
The study of individual behavior and
group dynamics in organizations

3. Elements of OB
Task – an organization’s mission, purpose, or goal for existing
People – the human resources of the organization
Structure – the manner in which an organization’s work is designed at the micro level; how departments, divisions, and the overall organization are designed at the macro level
Environment – Both Internal and External
Technology – the tools, knowledge, and/or techniques used to transform inputs into outputs

4. Organizational Behavior: Dynamics in Organizations
Psychosocial
Organizational
Behavior
Interpersonal
Behavioral

5. Open Systems View of Organization
Task environment:
Competitors
Unions
Regulatory agencies
Clients
Structure
Inputs:
Material
Capital
Human
Outputs:
Products
Services
Task
Technology
People
(Actors)
Organizational Boundary

6. Organizational Variables that
Affect Human Behavior
Communication
Organizational
Structure
Performance
Appraisal
Human
Behavior
Work
Design
Jobs
Organizational
Design

7. Anthropology Management
Sociology
the science
of society
Psychology
the science
of human behavior
Engineering
the applied science
of energy & matter
Interdisciplinary
Influences on
Organizational
Behavior
Anthropology
the science of the learned behavior of human beings
Medicine
the applied science
of healing or treatment of diseases to enhance an
individual’s health and
well-being
Management
the study of overseeing
activities and supervising
people in organizations

8. Formal & Informal Elements of Organizations
Formal organization
(overt)
Goals and objectives
Policies and procedures
Job descriptions
Financial resources
Authority structure
Communication channels
Products and services
Formal & Informal Elements of Organizations
Informal organization
(covert)
Beliefs and assumptions
Perceptions and attitudes
Values
Feelings, such as fear, joy
anger, trust, and hope
Group norms
Informal leaders

9. Formal vs. Informal Organization
Formal Organization – the official, legitimate, and most visible part of the system
Informal Organization – the unofficial and less visible part of the system

10. Learning about Organizational Behavior
Learning Activity
Mastery of
basic objective
knowledge
Science
Theories, Research, Articles
The Real World
Development of specific skills and abilities
Organizational and Work Context
You
Application
of knowledge
and skills
Exercises, Questionnaires

11. OB is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction and control of human behaviour in organizations (Luthans).
OB – The study and application of knowledge how people act or behave within organization. It is a human tool for human benefit. (Davis & Newstrom)
OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving on organization’s effectiveness. (Robbins)

12. OB
Groups
Individuals
Structure

13. Nature of OB
A separate field of study and not a discipline only
An interdisciplinary approach (Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology)
An applied science
A normative science
A humanistic & optimistic approach
A total system approach

14. OB Scope of OB Individuals Groups Personality Group Dynamics
Perception
Attitudes
Motivation
Job Satisfaction
Learning
Values
Groups
Group Dynamics
Group Conflicts
Communication
Leadership
Power & Politics OB
Structure
Org. Str.
Culture
Change
Development

15. Foundations of OB
OB is based on few fundamental concepts which revolve around the nature of people and organization
Individual Differences
A whole person
Caused behaviour
Human dignity
Organizations are social system
Mutuality of interest
Need for management

16. Importance of OB OB provides a road map to our lives in organizations.
OB uses scientific research to help us understand and predict organization life.
OB helps us to influence organizational events.
OB helps an individual to understand himself/herself and others better.
OB will help the manager to understand the basics of motivation.
OB useful for maintaining cordial industrial relations.

17. Basic Process of OB Problem Prevention PREDICTION CONTROLLING
UNDERSTANDING
How strong
are they?
How do they
interrelate?
PREDICTION
What pattern of
behaviour are
present?
What is the
cause-effect
relationship?
CONTROLLING
What solutions
are possible?
Which variables
can be influenced?
How can they be
influenced?

18. Approaches to the study of OB
Systems
Approach
Interactionalism
Contingency
Productivity HR

19. Models of OB Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial Basis of model
Power
Economic sources
Leadership
Partnership
Managerial orientation
Authority
Money
Support
Teamwork
Employee orientation
Obedience
Security and benefits
Job performance
Responsible behaviour
Employee psychological result
Dependence on boss
Dependence on organization
Participation
Self-discipline
Employee needs met
Subsistence
Security
Status & recognition
Self-actualization
Performance result
Minimum
Passive cooperation
Awakened drives
Moderate enthusiasm

20. Foundations of Individual Behaviour

21. Stages in Organizational Life

22. Models of Individual Behaviour
Theory X & Theory Y Model
Economic & Self-Actualizing Model
Behaviouristic & Humanistic Model
- individuals can be describes solely in terms of behaviour (behaviouristic)
- individuals are more philosophical than scientific (humanistic)
Rational and Emotional Model

23. Concluding remarks
Personal factors such as age, sex, education, abilities, marital status, and dependents will have significant influence on the behaviour of an individual.
Environmental factors include economic status, social and cultural norms, and political factors. These also wield considerable influence on individual behaviour.
Organizational systems and resources include such variables as physical facilities, organization structure and design, leadership rewards and work itself. The influence of all these on the behaviour of an individual is no less significant.
More important are psychological factors like personality, perception, learning, and attitudes. Because of their significance in determining one’s behaviour, each of these factors is considered separately in the following chapters.
The famous Theory X and Theory Y, along with other models, seek to explain the behaviour of an individual.