1. Relative Clauses

2. Relative clauses with who/that/which
A clause is a part of a statement. A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means.
Who/that is used when we are talking about people.
When we are talking about things, we have to use that/which.

3. Examples The man who lives next door is very friendly.
Who was the girl that spoke very offensively in the ball?
Everything that happened was not my fault.
The window which was broken has now been repaired.

4. Contact clauses
If a clause is an object relative clause and it is defining, who, that or which is not necessary.
It is not possible to omit who, that or which in a subject relative clause.
The man was feeling ill left early.

5. Examples Have you seen the dress (which) I bought yesterday?
The woman (who was) injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
There were some children (who were) swimming in the river.

6. Whose
Whose is used to indicate possession in relative clauses instead of his/her/their.

7. Examples An orphan means a child whose parents are dead.
She’s the journalist whose article was on the front page of The Times.

8. Where/when/why Where is used to talk about places.
When is used to indicate time.
We can use why when we are explaining the reason in a relative clause. It is also possible to use that instead or leave out why and that.

9. Examples I couldn’t understand the reason why they were rude.
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
1945 was the year when World War II ended.