1. Relative Clauses By Noelia Villafañe

2. Why learn Relative Clauses? To give additional info about something without starting another sentence. Text becomes more fluent & you avoid repeating words. How? Transform two simple sentences into a complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

3. Relative Pronouns Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That. A relative pronoun relates a subordinate clause to the rest of the sentence. A relative pronoun is found only in sentence with more than one clause.

4. Relative pronoun usee.g. WhoSubject/object pronoun for people Where is the girl who brought the cake? WhosePossession for people animal, things The boy whose brother is ill has come. Whom It is possible instead of who when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause You can also use it with a preposition (to/from/with whom etc) -The lady whom we saw just now is my neighbour - The girl with whom he fell in love left him after a few weeks Which/ That Place, thing, or ideaThis is the car that I saw yesterday

5. Relative adverbs usee.g. WherePronoun for placesLondon is the city where the last Olympic Games were held WhenPronoun for timeMonday is the day when I have my German class WhyReasonThat is the reason why I don’t like going there. What= the things thatHe says what they want to hear

6. Simple & Complex Sentences Simple sentence: Consists of a single independent clause and no subordinate clause. Example: a. Ahmad goes to the mosque everyday. b. The new teacher will come next week.

7. Simple & Complex Sentences Complex sentence: Consists of one main clause and at least one subordinate clause. Example: 1. Please return the books that you borrowed from the library yesterday. 2. Students who did well in the examination will be rewarded.

8. Example 1 Can you identify simple sentence and complex sentence? The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The policeman caught the thief who broke into my house. I was seven years old when I first met the Prime Minister. Don't forget to tell the boy who lost his wallet that it has been found.

9. How to form a relative clause A girl is talking to Jenny. Do you know the girl? Do you know the girl who is talking to Jenny?

10. Relative Clauses Example: 1. The man lives next door. He is very friendly The man who lives next door is very friendly. 2. This is the book. I bought it yesterday. This is the book, which I bought yesterday. 3. This is the car. I saw it yesterday. This is the car that I saw yesterday.

11. Relative Clauses 4. A widow is a woman whose husband is dead. 5. The man whom I wanted to see was away on holiday 6. The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean 7. The reason why I’m phoning you is to invite you to a party 8. Did you hear what I said?

12. Relative Clauses- with or without who/that When who and that are objects of the verb in the relative clause you can leave them out: - The man I wanted to see was away on holiday. - The dress Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well

13. Relative Clauses- Defining and non-defining Defining- essential to understand who or what we are talking about: - The man who lives next door Non-defining- They add new information; they come after a comma. You have to use who for people and which for things: - Tom’s father, who is 78, goes swimming every day. - The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for tow years, has just been sold.