1. First Aid for Shock By: Shayla Z. Matt S. Sara K. Allen M.

2. What is shock? Shock (also known as hypoperfusion) is a clinical set of signs and symptoms associated with an inadequate supply of blood to body organs. 2 main organs affected by this are the brain and the heart

3. Types of Shock  Septic: caused by an acute information  Cardiogenic: heart cannot pump effectively because heart muscle is damaged  Anaphylectic: hypersensitive or allergic reaction causes body to release histamine  Hemorrhagic: severe bleeding leads to decrease in blood volume  Psychogenic: emotional distress causes sudden dilation of blood vessels

4. Types of Shock  Metabolic: loss of body fluid causes disruption in normal acid-base balance of body

5. First Aid for Shock First Aid for Shock Check scene, move victim if necessary. Check victim for consciousness and breathing. ◦Watch breathing rate Call EMS

6. First Aid for shock Provide care to victim Control bleeding if necessary Obtain medical help Observe victim for signs of shock

7. Signs of Shock Pale or cyanotic skin color If skin is cool, moist, or clammy to touch Diaphoresis

8. Signs of Shock Pulse is rapid, weak, or irregular Respiration is rapid, weak, or irregular, shallow, labored Vomiting and Nausea

9. Continued Restless, anxious, and blurred vision Eyes are sunken, vacant, dilated pupils If blood pressure is low Weakness, apathy, confusion, consciousness Nauseated or vomiting and excessive thirst

10. Reduce effects or eliminate cause of Shock Control bleeding by applying pressure Provide Oxygen Ease pain through position changes and comfort measures Give emotional support

11. Allergic Reactions Every year in the United States 400 to 800 people die due to allergic reactions. Reactions cause Anaphylaxis. As soon as a person is introduced to a antigen they can die within a minute. Allergic reactions are caused by the activity of the immune system.

12. Allergic Reactions As soon as a person is introduced to a antigen they can die within a minute. Allergic reactions are caused by the activity of the immune system.

13. Allergic Reactions There are signals of Anaphylaxis like swelling of the area and redness when the body comes in contact with the substance. To care for Anaphylaxis: Check Breathing

14. Allergic Reactions If trouble breathing call 911 Get them in a comfortable position Give oxygen to person if trained Watch the persons breathing

15. Allergic Reactions An auto-injector contains a preloaded dose of 0.3 mg of epinephrine for adults or 0.15 mg of epinephrine for children. An example of an auto injector is an Epi- Pen. The injector has a spring loaded plunger that when activated it injects the epinephrine.

16. Allergic Reactions After the Epi-Pen is injected it needs to stay in place for 10 seconds to allow the medication to fully empty. If a person is conscious and able to use the auto injector help him or her in any way asked.

17. Epinephrine Auto-injector First step is to find the middle of a thigh, an upper arm will do as well. After pulling off the safety cap use the black tip were the needle is located and creating a 90 degree angle.

18. Auto injector Next in a swinging motion allow the tip to go straight into the thigh which will make a click. Injector will be held in place for 10 seconds before removing

19. Auto-injector Massage spot of injection for a few seconds When EMS shows up give the used injector to them right away.

20. Caring for Shock Have the victim lie down Laying down will be the most comfortable position for the victim. Make sure that the victim is not in pain because this will accelerate the rate of shock.

21. Caring for Shock You must control any external bleeding. Help the victim maintain normal body temperature. If victim is cold try to cover to prevent chilling.

22. Caring for Shock Try to reassure the victim Elevate the legs about 12 inches unless you suspect head, neck, or back injuries. If you are unsure of the victim’s condition leave him or her laying on the ground.

23. Caring for shock Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink Call your local emergency number

24. shock shock Injuries or illness cause responses in the body to react. Shock helps the body by keeping the most vital or important blood in the organs that matter most.

25. Pictures