1. Chapter Five Sex and Your Body © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

2. Female Sexual Anatomy 2 External Female Sex Organs (Vulva) External Female Sex Organs (Vulva) Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Prepuce Clitoris Urethral opening Vagina Internal Female Sex Organs Internal Female Sex Organs Uterus Endometrium Cervix Ovaries Fallopian tubes Hymen

3. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Figure 5.1 The Female Sex Organs 3

4. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Male Sexual Anatomy 4 Male sex organs: two components Penis The glans Corpus spongiosum Scrotum Function (temperature 93.6 degrees F) Testes Epididymis Seminiferous tubules within the testes Vas deferens Prostate Cowper’s glands Seminal vesicle Circumcision

5. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Figure 5.2 The Male Sex Organs 5

6. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Hormones and the Reproductive Life Cycle 6 Hormones regulated by pituitary gland Androgens Testes produce androgens, most importantly testosterone in males Ovaries produce estrogens, progestagens, and small amount of testosterone in females Pituitary gland controlled by hypothalamus

7. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Differentiation of the Embryo 7 Determined by a interaction of genetic, physiological, and environmental factors Conception - combining of 23 pairs of chromosomes 22 pairs are the same The 23 rd pair is the sex chromosomes Egg carries an X sex chromosome Sperm carries either a X or Y chromosome XX provides the blueprint to produce a female XY provides the blueprint to produce a male

8. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Female Sexual Maturation 8 Puberty begins Breast development between ages 8-13 Rounding of the hips and buttocks Body hair growth in public region and underarms Rapid body growth between ages 9 and 15 Physical maturation. The menstrual cycle - four phases. Menses Days 1-5 Estrogenic phase Days 6-13 Ovulation phase Day 14 Progestational phase Days 15-27

9. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 9 Figure 5.4 The Menstrual Cycle

10. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Menstrual Problems 10 Dysmenorrhea Some symptoms caused from prostaglandins Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Cause Pharmacological treatment Lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms Limit salt intake Exercise Don’t use alcohol or tobacco Eat a nutritious diet Relax If systems persist, keep a daily diary If necessary, drug treatments

11. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Male Sexual Maturation 11 Occurs two years later than in girls Begins about 10 or 11 years old Physical changes: Testicular growth Penis growth Pubic hair growth Underarm and facial hair growth Voice deepens

12. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Aging and Human Sexuality 12 Female menopause Ovaries gradually cease functioning Decreasing estrogen Increased risk of disease Aging Male Syndrome Gradual decrease of testosterone between ages 35 and 65 Takes longer to achieve sexual arousal Gradually become less fertile

13. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Functioning 13 Sexual stimulation Comes from both physical and psychological stimuli Physical stimulation Through the senses Erogenous zones Psychological stimulation Fantasies Ideas Memories of past experiences Mood

14. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Response Cycle 14 Physiological mechanisms Vasocongestion Muscular tension Four phases characterize the sexual response cycle: 1. Excitement phase 2. Plateau phase 3. Orgasmic phase Males (refractory phase) 4. Resolution phase

15. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Figure 5.5 Stages of the Sexual Response Cycle 15

16. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Problems 16 Common sexual health problems Biological and psychological conditions: Women : Vaginitis Candida (yeast infection) Trichomonas Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 50-75% of PID cases are caused by STDs Men: Prostatitis Testicular cancer Epididymitis Testicular torsion Systemic diseases affect both men and women (e.g., diabetes)

17. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Dysfunctions 17 Common sexual dysfunctions: Men Erectile dysfunction Premature ejaculation Retarded ejaculation Women Orgasmic dysfunction Dyspareunia (painful intercourse) Treatment Medical treatment Psychosocial - troubled relationships Behavioral Relaxation and massage techniques

18. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Behavior 18 The development of sexual behavior Gender roles and gender identity Gender role is everything you do in your daily life that expresses your maleness or femaleness as defined by society. Gender identity is your personal, inner sense of being male or female Transsexual feel their biological sex does not match their gender identity Transvestites wear clothing identified with the other gender Intersexed babies are born with atypical genitals; may undergo surgery to assign them to a specific sex Biological and cultural influences Gender-role flexibility

19. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Gender, Sexuality, and the Mass Media 19 Childhood sexual behavior Sexual play Adolescent sexuality Adult sexuality Sexuality in Illness and Disability

20. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Orientation 20 Person’s preference in sex partners Heterosexuality Homosexuality Bisexuality Origins of Sexual Orientation Biological and genetic factors Freudian psychoanalysis - Oedipus complex Learning theory Complex series of biological and psychological interactions

21. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Varieties of Human Sexual Behavior 21 Celibacy Autoeroticism and masturbation Erotic fantasy Touching and foreplay Oral-Genital stimulation Cunnilingus (stimulation of the female genitals) Fellatio (stimulation of the penis with the mouth) Anal intercourse Sexual intercourse Differing reasons for having sex

22. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Atypical and Problematic Sexual Behaviors 22 Conflicting feelings about sexuality Paraphilia Sexual coercion Commercial sex Pornography Online porn and cybersex Prostitution

23. © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Responsible Sexual Behavior 23 Careful decision making Open, honest communication about intentions Agreed-on sexual activities Sexual privacy The use of contraception Safer sex Sober sex Taking responsibility for the consequences

24. Chapter Five Sex and Your Body © 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.