1. APPLYING THE NUMBERS Chapter 8

2. Summarize the five population trends mentioned here. Large and growing larger Growing population disparity – Lower death rates in LDC’s (better health care, sanitation) while birth rates stayed high – LDC’s have younger child bearing populations (pyramid) Declining growth rates (birth rates declining), yet increasing numbers of births Changing age structure: more older folks Moving to the cities: urbanization

3. What is a trend? the general course or prevailing tendency; drift: trends in the teaching of foreign languages; the trend of events. style; vogue: the new trend in women's apparel.

4. Why can the arithmetic figure of a country’s population density be misleading? Because it includes all land area- rocks, mountains, etc. where people don’t live Canada-3.3 people per square kilometre

5. What is physiologic population density? Which of the 2- arithmetic or physiologic- do most texts that you have read, use? The number of people in a country per area of cultivated land (where people could cultivate the soil and actually live there) Most texts use the arithmetic

6. Why is there such a large difference between the arithmetic or physiologic population densities of Egypt, and a relatively small difference for Bangladesh? In Egypt, the area of land on which most people live is relatively tiny – Over 95% of Egypt’s population lives in the Nile River valley – Ad= 65.8/km 2; pd= 2006/km 2 In Bangladesh, 66% of land is cultivated – Ad= 948/km 2; pd= 1419/km 2

7. “The Nile River is the lifeblood of Egypt.” Historically a transportation corridor-necessary for trade Annual floods carried alluvium (silt) from upstream- making the river mouth potentially a great place to cultivate things Dams built to control effects of the floods and maintain irrigation, but loss of alluvium means higher chemical fertilizer use Also, population continues to increase- so areas around the delta are being opened up

8. How have the physical characteristics of Egypt and Bangladesh influenced their population distribution patterns? Egypt- growth started around Nile River and its delta; continued, despite floods and problems with dams up river Bangladesh-has fertile soils and river deltas – Extremely flat, so flooding distributes nutrients around a wider area, so population can spread out – urban centres are basically evenly accessible because major cities are spread out

9. How can a high concentration of people be a factor in creating an even higher concentration of people? People first settle in areas with water, arable land, good hunting/fishing possibilities, mineral deposits, and transportation capabilities As trading developed, expansion of settlement occurred, towns etc grew up in areas more distant that previously, and political/economic centres grew These in turn attracted more people