1. Chapter 7.2 Cell Structure

2. 1. Cytoplasm
Gel-like fluid of the cell.

3. 2. Cell Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the outside of the cell.
“Walls to the factory”

4. 3. Organelles “little organs” that are found in the cell.
Examples: Mitochondria & Golgi.

5. 4. Nucleus
Control center that has DNA & coded instructions for proteins & other important molecules.
“Main office in a factory”

6. 5. Nucleolus
Small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

7. 6. Nuclear envelope/membrane
Made of 2 membranes
Outer boundary of the nucleus

8. 7. Nuclear Pores
Allow proteins, RNA, & other molecules to move into & out of the nucleus.
“moving messages into & out of a factory’s main office”

9. 8. Chromosomes Found in nucleus & carries the cell’s genetic info.
Can be seen in dividing cells when the chromatin condenses to form the “X” shape.

10. 9. Chromatin Found in nucleus
A complex of DNA (genetic material) bound to proteins
Threadlike in non-dividing cells

11. 10. Vacuoles Stores materials like water, salts, proteins, & carbs.
Large in plant cells as a central vacuole.

12. 11. Vesicles
Store & move materials between cell organelles, as well as to & from the cell surface.

13. 12. Lysosomes
Filled with enzymes that help to break down lipids, carbs., & proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
They also break down worn out organelles.
“Clean up crew”

14. 13. Cytoskeleton (cyto=cell)
Serves as internal skeleton that maintains cell shape.
“Cement beams in a factory”

15. 14. Microfilaments
Long, thin fibers that helps cells move, and/or provide shape & structure to the cell.

16. 15. Microtubules Hollow structures for support (larger)
Help build cilia and flagella (for movement)

17. 16. Ribosomes Serve in protein synthesis (making of proteins)
May be found in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

18. 17. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Transports chemicals & proteins within and between cells.
Rough ER = when ribosomes are attached to the surface. Makes proteins.
Smooth ER = when no ribosomes are attached to the surface. Makes membran lipids & detoxifies drugs.

19. 18. Golgi Apparatus/Body
Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins & other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or to release outside the cell.
“Mailroom”

20. 19. Chloroplasts Photosynthesis to make sugars for plants
Contains chlorophyll – green pigment

21. 20. Mitochondria
Converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use (cellular respiration).
“Boiler room”

22. 21. Cell Wall
Supportive outer layer around the cell membrane to give shape.
Only in plant cells.

23. 21. Prokaryote
Cell lacking a nucleus & nuclear membrane but still has DNA spread throughout the cell

24. 23. Eukaryote
Cell that has a nucleus (plant & animal).

25. Eukaryote