2. Differences emerge among the English colonies. Three separate regions – New England – Middle Atlantic – Southern Differences: – Physical geography – Religion – Origin of colonists – Presence of slaves – economies

3. New England Colonies Rocky soil and less fertile land Long winters and colder climate Small farms (subsistence farmers)

4. New England Colonies Forests used for lumber and ship building Whaling and fishing Sailors, fishermen, merchants. Owned and manned ships – “triangular trade”

5. New England Colonies Practice of religion, especially Puritanism important.

6. The Middle Atlantic Colonies Winters not as harsh as New England and summers were longer. Forests and fertile land Came from the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, France, and Scotland Active lumber and shipbuilding industry

7. Middle Atlantic Colonies Small farms – “Bread Basket” Colonies Wheat Oats Barley Rye – Large amounts of grain exported

8. Middle Atlantic Colonies Greater religious freedom. No single church dominated – Anglicans – Quakers – Dutch Reformed Protestants – Catholics – Jews

9. Southern Colonies Warmer climate Flat land, fertile soil suited for cash crops Lumber, tar, resin (sap from pine trees)

10. Southern Colonies English, Scotch, Scotch-Irish Anglican Church Presbyterian (Scotch) – Tended to settle more inland

11. Development of the Plantation System Plantations develop along major water routes in the South Large-scale agricultural operations (20 or more slaves) – Tobacco – Rice – Indigo – cotton

12. Identify each of the 13 British colonies by name Use different colors to show the three colonial regions

13. Colonial Government English Political Traditions – Magna Carta – British Parliament – English Bill of Rights

14. “Clause 29. No Freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or (have) his Freehold, or Liberties (taken away), or any other wise destroyed; nor will We pass upon him, nor condemn him, but by lawful judgment of his Peers (equals), or by the Law if the land, we will sell to no Man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right.” How did the Magna Carta help guarantee the rights of individuals?

15. Colonial Self-Government Virginia House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact New England town meetings General Court Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

18. First two English colonies had people of very different backgrounds. Virginia – Anglicans Belonged to the Church of England – Most of these settlers had come for economic reasons Massachusetts – Pilgrims and Puritans – Protestant groups who came to America to worship God in their own way.

19. Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans dominate New England – High standards for Church membership – Promote virtue (goodness) – Members of the Church were chosen by God and only those elected would go to Heaven. – Sunday was a day of rest in which the whole community went to church. – Ministers gave sermons threatening sinners with punishment of damnation after death.

20. Puritans State-endorsed religion would insure a bond between members of society. – Maintain order and stability – More than one religion would threaten stability – Did not support religious toleration

21. SALEM WITCHCRAFT TRIALS 1692-1693 West Indian slave girl told a group of children tales of voodoo. The girls claimed they were being tortured by witches. Several people were put on trial for witchcraft. 20 people were hanged.

22. Rise of Religious Toleration Rhode Island – Roger Williams – Anne Hutchinson – First English colony to establish the principle of religious toleration Religious toleration – the recognition that others had the right to practice their own faiths. Dutch New York also practiced religious toleration.

23. Religious Toleration Maryland – Catholics – Act of Toleration Pennsylvania – Quakers Religious beliefs contributed to the growth of representative government.

24. The First Great Awakening Ministers emphasize the importance of religious feelings. Jonathan Edwards – “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” George Whitfield – God merciful and people could save themselves – Emphasized people’s equality – Strong supporters of religious freedom and toleration

25. MERCANTILISM

28. TRIANGULAR TRADE