1. Management & Leadership
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2. Role & Work of Managers
Responsibility for the success or failure of a business.
Managers receive recognition & other rewards when a business meets its goals
They are also held accountable when goals are not met
People who want to experience the risks & rewards of business often become managers.
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3. Management
Process of accomplishing the goals of an organization through the effective use of people & other resources
Managers make things happen in a business
What do Managers Do?
Every manager has specific job duties
Must complete similar activities no matter what the size or type of business.
Work can be organized within five functions listed on next page
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4. Five functions of a manager
Planning – analyzing information, setting goals, & making decisions
Organizing – identifying & arranging the work & resources needed to achieve the goals that have been set
Staffing – obtaining, preparing, & compensating the employees of a business
Implementing – effort to direct & lead people to accomplish the planned work of the organization
Controlling – determines to what extent the business is accomplishing the goals it set out to reach in the planning stage
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5. Effective managers motivate employees to do their best work
Depending on the size of the business, the managers responsibilities will vary
As a business grows, other employees will be moved into management positions
Managers must make decisions, solve problems, respond to competition, & develop new strategies
The efforts of each manager impact the work of others & the results achieved by the business.
Effective managers motivate employees to do their best work
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6. Management levels
Unless a business is very small, there will be several managers with responsibilities for leading the business
Most organizations have three levels of managers:
Top management (executives)
Mid-management
Supervisors
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7. Top Management
Executives- top-level managers with responsibilities for the direction & success of the entire business.
Set long-term direction & plans
Held accountable for the profitability & success of the business.
Spend most of their time on planning & controlling activities. Study the economy & competition
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8. Mid-Managers
Specialists with responsibilities for specific parts of a company’s operations
Examples: marketing manager, IT manager, customer service manager, operations manager, & HR manager
Take the company’s business plan & prepare specific plans for their part of the business
Work must be coordinated with other managers
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9. Supervisors First level of management
Responsible for the work of a group of employees
Play the day-to-day work of the employees they supervise
Make sure that needed resources are available & used wisely
Evaluate the work of their employees & solve problems that occur in their area
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10. Management by others
Employees that are not managers may complete work that seems to be a managers job
Interviews, training, evaluating quality of work, lead a project
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11. Management styles The way a manager treats & involves employees
Sometimes a style is chosen based on the characteristics of the employees being managed
Other times, it is based on the work assignment
Experienced & effective managers can change their management style based on the urgency of the work to be done & the confidence the manager has in the employees
Styles
Tactical management
Strategic management
Mixed management
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12. Tactical management Manager is more directive & controlling
They will make major decisions & stay in close contact with employees while they work to ensure it’s done well
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13. Strategic management
Managers are less directive & involve employees in decision making
A manager using a strategic style will trust employees to work without direct supervision & will seek their advice on important decisions
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14. Mixed management Combined use of tactical & strategic management
Effective managers are prepared to use both management styles
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15. Leadership
Ability to motivate individuals & groups to accomplish important goals
When a manager can get individual employees & groups to work well together to accomplish objectives, they are an effective leader
When employees feel that they are not involved in decisions & are not valued by the business, they will not be as committed to the work
People are the most important resource of a business. Cost of hiring training, & paying employees is one of a business’s highest expenses
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16. If employees are not satisfied, they might not perform the work correctly, may not treat customers well, or may quit
These problems cost the company money & may require hiring & training new employees
Managers must involve employees & find ways to meet employee needs as well as business needs.

17. Characteristics of Effective Leaders
Understanding
Initiative
Dependability
Judgment
Objectivity
Confidence
Stability
Cooperation
Honesty
Courage
Communication
Intelligence

18. Preparing to be a leader
You shouldn’t wait until you become a manager to begin developing leadership skills
Study leadership
Participate in organizations & activities
Practice leadership at work
Observe leaders
Work with a mentor
Do a self-analysis & ask for feedback

19. Importance of human relations
The way people get along with each other
Managers & leaders must be able to work well with other people
Human relations largely determines whether a manager is successful or not
Human relations skills
Self-understanding
Understanding others
Communication
Team building
Developing job satisfaction
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20. Communication Formal or informal Internal or external
Formal – established & approved by the organization
Informal – common but unofficial ways that information moves in an organization
Internal or external
Internal – between employees & managers
External – w/customers, suppliers, etc.
Vertical or horizontal
Vertical – w/people up or down in an organization
Horizontal – move across the organization at the same level
Oral or written

21. Influencing people Enables a person to affect the actions of others
Kinds of influence
Position influence - Because of leadership position, managers are able to get others to complete tasks
Reward influence – give or withhold rewards (money/job benefits)
Expert influence – workers look to a manager for guidance based on their experience
Identify influence – personal trust & respect members have for the leader
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22. Formal & informal influence
Informal- leadership role is not part of a formal structure. People emerge as a leader when placed into groups.
Formal- leadership position is part of the organization’s structure. People get elected as an officer.
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23. Ethical management Importance of ethical behavior
Individuals & businesses develop reputations based on their actions & decisions they make
When an individual or company develops that reputation, others will be reluctant to trust them or work with them.
Ethics – principles of conduct governing an individual or group
Ethical business practices – ensure that the highest standards of conduct are observed
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24. Ethical behavior meets several standards:
It is lawful
It is consistent with company values & policies
It does not harm some while benefiting others
If the actions & results become public, it will not embarrass the company

25. Increasing ethical behavior through leadership
Leaders must take actions to prevent unethical behavior
It is the managers duty to create an atmosphere in which all employees know they are expected to act ethically
The employees must know they will be supported when they make the right decision
Leaders should make clear that unethical behavior is unacceptable & will be punished it is occurs.
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