1. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance
Session 3

2. Test
Lets see what you know so far!

3. By the end of today’s lesson you should all be able to:
1. Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body
2. Correctly identify the three types of muscle found in the body
3. Correctly identify the three functions of skeletal muscle
4. Correctly describe the breakdown of a muscle
5. Correctly describe the different types of muscular contraction
6. Correctly identify muscle pairings
7. Correctly relate the movement patterns to muscular contraction
8. Correctly describe the adaptations that occur in skeletal muscle through a sport and fitness training programme

4. Task
We are now going to learn the anatomical names of the muscles using the worksheet ‘Learning Anatomical Names of Muscles’

5. Learning the Anatomical Names of the Muscles
Shoulders
Chest
Upper Back
Mid Back
Lower Back
Front of Arm
Back of Arm
Stomach
Deltoids
Pectorals
Trapezius & Rhomboids
Latissimus Dorsi
Erector Spinae
Biceps
Triceps
Abdominals

6. Learning the Anatomical Names of the Muscles
Waist
Front of Hip
Buttocks
Front of Thigh
Back of Thigh
Inner Thigh
Outer Thigh
Shin
Calf
Obliques
Hip Flexors
Gluteals
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Adductors
Abductors
Tibialis Anterior
Gastrocnemius & Soleus

7. You Should Now Be Able To;
Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body

8. Muscles on the Front of the Body
Deltoids
Pectorals
Biceps
Obliques
Abdominals
Abductors
Adductors
Hip Flexors
Quadriceps
Tibialis Anterior

9. Muscles on the Back of the Body
Trapezius
Deltoids
Rhomboids
Triceps
Latissimus Dorsi
Erector Spinae
Glutes
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

10. Muscles – An Introduction
Outcome 1- Explain the structure and function of the skeletal and muscular systems
Muscles – An Introduction
Approximately 40 % of body mass is made up of muscle tissue, the purpose of much of which is to move bones
However there are other types of muscle tissue:

11. Three Types of Muscle
1.Skeletal Muscle
Allows movements at joints
Cardiac Muscle
Heart muscle
Smooth muscle
Internal organs

12. Three Functions of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle has three main functions:
1. Movement
2. Support and Posture
3. Heat Production

13. Three Function of Skeletal Muscle
How does the body perform each of these functions
1. Muscles are attached to bones via tendons – muscles contract and pull on the bones to create movement
2. Muscles are in a state of semi contraction in order to keep you upright (muscle tone) and provide you with support and posture
3. When muscles contract they produce heat which is why we get warm when exercising

14. Breakdown of Muscle Anatomy
Muscles are attached to bones via tendons
Each muscle is made up of bundles of muscle fibres (fascicle)
Each bundle of fibres (fascicle) contains several single muscle fibres
A single muscle fibre is composed of smaller strands called myofibrils
Myofibrils are divided into contractile units called myofilaments namely actin and myosin

15. Breakdown of a Muscle Anatomy

16. Principles of Muscle Action
Skeletal muscle is made up of bundles of muscle fibres, which all run in the same direction and line up alongside each other
This means that when a muscle contracts, it shortens along the length of the muscle, and therefore makes the muscle overall length of the muscle shorter
This in turn, pulls on the bone and movement is created

17. Principles of Muscle Action
Type of Contraction
Explanation of Contraction
Example of Type of Contraction
Concentric
Muscle contracts and shortens
Bicep Curl; lift phase; bicep
Eccentric
Muscle contracts and lengthens
Sit up; lower phase; abdominals
Isometric
Muscles contract and remain the same length
Ski sit; hold phase; quadriceps

18. Muscle Pairings
Muscles can only pull on bones to cause movement to occur
Muscles need to work in pairs as they cannot push the bones back to their starting position
In general every muscle on the front of the body will have a partner that it works with on the back of the body
Whenever a resistance training programme is designed you should ensure that both muscles in the pair are trained to create a balance in the body

19. Muscle Pairings
Agonist (Prime Mover); muscle which produces the desired joint movement
Antagonist; muscle which produces the opposite action to the agonist
Example; Agonist during a Bicep Curl is the Biceps and the Antagonist is the Triceps

20. Task
Complete the worksheet titled ‘Muscle Pairings’
Think about the muscles that lie on the front of the body and think about the muscles that lie on the back

21. Task
Now think about all the information you have learned and put it into an exercise context
Complete the worksheet titled ‘Muscle Pairings and Movement Patterns’

22. What happens to your muscles if you take part in sport or fitness training programme?
In your group make a list of all the changes that you think happen to muscles with exercise

23. Adaptations to Muscles with Exercise
Increased muscle size
Increase in lactic acid tolerance
Increase in muscle proteins (actin and myosin)
Increased efficiency in muscular contraction

24. You should now be able to:
1. Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body
2. Correctly identify the three types of muscle found in the body
3. Correctly identify the three functions of skeletal muscle
4. Correctly describe the breakdown of a muscle
5. Correctly describe the different types of muscular contraction
6. Correctly identify muscle pairings
7. Correctly relate the movement patterns to muscular contraction
8. Correctly describe the adaptations that occur in skeletal muscle through a sport and fitness training programme

25. Topics you will be assessed on
Here are the topics you should focus your revision on;
Anatomical names of the muscles in the front and back of the body
Anatomy of a muscle
The three types of muscular contraction
Movement patterns created by muscles
Adaptations that take place in the muscles with sport and or fitness