1. So You Say You Want a Revolution? Part One The French Revolution Mr. Bach Accelerated World History Hudson High School Hudson, Ohio

2. Do We Live in an Enlightened Age?

3. Charles Dickens – A Tale of Two Cities It was the best of times, It was the worst of times, It was the age of wisdom, It was the age of foolishness, It was the epoch of belief, It was the epoch of incredulity

4. The Buried and the Unburied

5. The Political Spectrum

6. Crane Briton’s – Anatomy of a Revolution A revolution is like a fever or a disease –The “fever” begins with the appearance of certain “symptoms” –It proceeds by advances and then retreats to a crisis stage, “delirium” –The crisis ends when the “fever” breaks –A period of convalescence appears, followed by a relapse or two, before the recovery is complete

7. Conditions Present Before Revolution 1.All social classes are discontented 2.People are held down by unacceptable restrictions in society, religion, economy, or government 3.People are hopeful about the future, but are being forced to accept less than what they had hoped 4.People are beginning to think of themselves as a social class, and there is growing bitterness between classes 5.The social classes closest to one another are most hostile

8. Conditions Present Before a Revolution Occurs 6.Scholars give up on the way their society operates 7.The government does not respond to the needs of society 8.The leaders begin to doubt themselves; some join with the opposition 9.The government is unable to get any real support to save itself 10.The government can no longer finance itself

9. The Enlightenment France was the center of Enlightenment thought in the 18 th century Equality and Liberty –Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, Denis Diderot

10. The American Revolution Direct experience in forging a republic against monarchy Further tax burden brought on the Bourbons by supporting the Americans No Taxation Without Representation

11. Inequity of the Old Regime The First Estate – The Roman Catholic Church Paid only 2% of its income to the state

12. Inequity of the Old Regime The Second Estate – The Nobility Paid almost nothing in taxes Owned 20% of French land

13. Inequity of the Old Regime The Third Estate –The rest of society –The Bourgeoisie –The Proletariat Urban Laborers Poor farmers and peasants –Paid 50% of their income in taxes

14. The Poor Third Estate

15. Socio-Economic Data GroupLandPopulation Clergy6 – 10%2% Nobility20 – 25%1.5% Bourgeoisie30%8.4% Peasantry40 – 45%82 – 87%

16. Poor Leadership Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette –Not prepared to rule –Antoinette = Hapsburg Family (traditional enemy of the French) –Largely ignorant to the problems of the country (especially the Third Estate)

17. Economic Problems of Absolute France King Louis XVI must raise taxes yet again to pay off enormous debts –The lavish spending of absolute monarchy (Versailles) –The cost of assisting in the American Revolution –The effects of widespread famine and rampant inflation

18. French Financial Problems, 1789 Urban Commoner’s Budget King’s Budget Food 80%Interest 50% Rent 25%Army 25% Tithe 10%Versailles 25% Taxes 35%Coronation 10% Clothing 20%Loans 25% Administration 25% TOTAL 170%TOTAL 160%

19. The French Urban Poor

20. The Great Necklace Scandal $100 million (in today’s currency) necklace Brought further discredit upon Marie Antoinette

21. The Estates - General Called by Louis XVI in order to approve new taxation Voting procedure causes the rebellion of the Third Estate

22. The Estates-General - 1789

23. Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes What is the Third Estate? Where had the Third Estate been before this date in the political order? What does it demand?

24. The Third Estate Awakens The commoners declare themselves “representatives of the nation” – no longer the Third Estate

25. The Formation of the National Assembly Extremely audacious –Declare an end to absolute monarchy and vowed to establish a French republic Tennis Court Oath –Swore to create a new constitution for the new French republic

26. The Tennis Court Oath

27. Bastille Day – July 14, 1789 A mob storms the Bastille (a royal prison) in search of arms –Fearful that Louis XVI would send out the royal army –This open act of revolution goes unpunished!

28. The Bastille

29. Lady Liberty