1. 6th Grade Science 4th Quarter 6.L.1
Plants “Flowers”
6th Grade Science
4th Quarter
6.L.1

2. The Plant Kingdom
This kingdom has organisms that are multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll, produce their own food, and don’t physically move from one place to another.

3. Plants: Grouped by characteristics
Vascular
Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
Roots can be different sizes:
Fibrous and tap roots
Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and
turnips
Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food.
Nonvascular
Simple; most grow in moist places
No vascular tissues.

4. What do plants do? All plants are alike in one way.
They need three things in order to survive
Water
carbon dioxide
energy from sunlight
What do you suppose the plants use these things for?
Classify – to sort into groups based on similarities and differences

5. The Plant Kingdom Photosynthesis Plant Cell Parts of a Flower
SOL Released Test Items
Vascular
Non-Vascular

6. Photosynthesis
Plant cells produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis allows plants to convert light energy into food energy.

7. Photosynthesis
process by which CO2 and H2O in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen

8. Chemical formula 6CO2 + 6H2O
-----> in reaction with sunlight and chlorophyll >
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

9. food
manufactured in the leaves moves downward through the stem to the roots
used by the plant
stored in stem or root and leaf in the form of sugar, starch or protein.

10. Plants and some protists conduct photosynthesis.
They turn it into sugar!
photosynthesis – a process by which plants change light energy from the sun and use it to make sugar
Plants and some protists conduct photosynthesis.

11. Photosynthesis A movie of photosynthesis
As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released
When the plant uses the sugar, water and carbon dioxide are released.
chlorophyll – the green substance found in plants that traps energy from the sun and gives plants their green color
carbon dioxide – a gas found in air

12. Plant Cell chloroplasts cell wall nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm
vacuoles

13. Because of this process
Scientists are able to classify living things by the way they get their food.
Plants are producers (autotrophs)
producer – it is a living thing that uses sunlight to make sugar. This sugar feeds others.

14. Respiration plants respire 24 hours a day
Plants usually give off more O2.
consume some O2 and give off some CO2
plants produce more O2 through ps. Than they consume during respiration and growth.

15. Resipiration
Humans will use most of the oxygen given off by plants and they will release CO2.
Plants in return use the CO2 during photosynthesis

16. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Food accumulated
Food broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy of glucose released
Carbon dioxide taken in
Carbon dioxide given off
Oxygen given off
Oxygen taken in
Produces glucose
Produces carbon dioxide and water
Goes on only in light
Goes on day and night
Occurs only in the presence of chlorophyll
Occurs in all living cells

17. Leaves have an epidermis with a waxy cuticle and stomata that help prevent water loss. Guard cells that surround and control the size of the opening in stomata. The loss of water through the stomata is called transpiration. The opening and closing of guard cells regulate transpiration.

18. Plants reproduce differently
Reproduce – it means “to make more of the same kind”
Plants reproduce differently
Plants are classified by characteristics.
Plants that make seeds
Plants that do not make seeds
Flowering Plants
Conifers
Ferns
Mosses

19. a protective covering that surrounds the seed
makes seeds.
makes the plant's food.
carries water and food to the rest of the plant.
anchor the plant in place and absorb water and other minerals from the soil.

20. How Do Flowers Make Seeds and Fruits? Great Plant Escape- Plant parts
Ovary – the bottom part of the pistil in which seeds form
Ovule - the inner part of an ovary that contains an egg
embryo – tiny part of a seed that can grow into a new plant

21. How Seeds Form
After fertilization the flower dries up and petals fall off, leaving just the pistil and its ovary.
The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets larger as one or more seeds form inside it.
When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up and the seeds fall out.
Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat

22. How Fertilization Occurs
When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.
Fertilization – the combination of sperm from a pollen grain with an egg to form a seed

23. How Pollination Occurs
Butterflies may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of the the same flower. Sometimes the butterfly may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower of the same kind.
Pollen: Nothing to Sneeze At
Pollination- the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil

24. Some flowering plants are
monocot seed – a seed that has one seed leaf and stored food outside the seed leaf
dicot seed – a seed that has two seed leaves that contain stored food

25. What is the Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant
Dormant Seed
Takes in water and the seed coat gets soft. If the seed has enough oxygen and the right temperature, it will begin to germinate.
dormant – the resting stage of a seed

26. Seed Reproduction 3
Germination
A series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed is called germination.
Seeds will not germinate until environmental conditions are right.

27. Seed Reproduction 3
Germination
Temperature, the presence or absence of light, availability of water, and amount of oxygen present can affect germination.

28. Germination Germination begins when seed tissues absorb water.
Seed Reproduction 3
Germination
Germination begins when seed tissues absorb water.
This causes the seed to swell and the seed coat to break open.
Next, a series of chemical reactions occurs that releases energy from the stored food in the cotyledons or endosperm for growth.

29. Seed Reproduction 3
Germination
Eventually, a root grows from the seed, followed by a stem and leaves.

30. Geminating Seed
First a root pushes through the seed coat and grows downward.
The top part of the root grows upward and becomes the stem. The stem carries the seed coat and the seed leaves with it. The seed coat falls off. The seed leaves provide food for the plant. Two small leaves begin to grow from between the seed leaves.

31. When the stored food within the original seed leaves
Seedling
When the stored food within the original seed leaves
is used up, they dry up and drop off. More leaves
grow from buds on the stem as the plant grows taller.
The new leaves can trap energy from sunlight and
make sugar. Plants use the energy in the
sugar to grow.

32. Seed Reproduction 3
Seeds
A seed consists of an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat.
The embryo has structures that eventually will produce the plant’s stem, leaves, and roots.

33. Seed Reproduction 3
The Flower
Most flowers have four main parts—petals, sepals, stamen, and pistil.

34. Seed Reproduction 3
Seed Development
Seeds of land plants are capable of surviving unfavorable environmental conditions.
Immature plant
2. Cotyledon(s)
3. Seed coat
4. Endosperm

35. Seed Dispersal Plants have many ways of dispersing their seeds.
Seed Reproduction 3
Seed Dispersal
Plants have many ways of dispersing their seeds.
Most seeds grow only when they are placed on or in soil.
They fall onto the soil from the parent plant on which they grew.

36. Seed Dispersal Wind dispersal Seed Reproduction3
Seed Dispersal
In nature some seeds can be spread great distances from the parent plant.
Wind dispersal
usually occurs because a seed has an attached structure that moves it with air currents.

37. Seed Dispersal Animals can disperse many seeds.
Seed Reproduction 3
Seed Dispersal
Animals can disperse many seeds.
Some seeds are eaten with fruits, pass through an animal’s digestive system, and are dispersed as the animal moves from place to place.
Attaching to fur, feathers, and clothing is another way that seeds are dispersed by animals.

38. Seed Dispersal Water also disperses seeds.
Seed Reproduction 3
Seed Dispersal
Water also disperses seeds.
Raindrops can knock seeds out of a dry fruit.
Some fruits and seeds float on flowing water or ocean currents.

39. Seed Reproduction 3
Importance of Flowers
The appearance of a plant’s flowers can tell you something about the life of the plant.
Large flowers with brightly colored petals often attract insects and other animals.

40. Seed Reproduction 3
Importance of Flowers
As they move about the flower, the animals get pollen on their wings, legs, or other body parts.
Later, these animals spread the flower’s pollen to other plants that they visit.

41. Seed Reproduction 3
Importance of Flowers
Other flowers depend on wind, rain, or gravity to spread their pollen.
Their petals can be small or absent.

42. Parts of a plant Four basic parts leaves stems roots Flowers

43. What Are the Parts of a Flower
Most flowers have four parts
Flower parts
Sepal – one of the leaf-like parts that protects a flower bud and that is usually green
Pistil – part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow into seeds
Stamen – part of a flower that makes pollen
Pollen – tiny grains that make seeds when combined with a flower’s egg

44. Parts of a Flower
Male Parts
Female Parts

45. Parts of a Flower Male Parts Female Parts
The stamen consists of two parts: the anther and the filament.
The filament holds the anther.
The anther produces and carries the pollen.

46. Parts of a Flower Male Parts Female Parts
The pistil consists of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary.
The stigma is the sticky part that traps and holds the pollen.
The style is the tube-like structure that holds up the stigma.
The ovary and the ovule are at the bottom of the style.

47. Parts of a Flower Male Parts Female Parts
The petals attract pollinators.
(bees, hummingbirds, butterflies, for example)

48. Parts of a Flower Male Parts Female Parts
The sepals are the green petal-like parts at the base of the flower. Sepals help protect the developing bud.

49. Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
pollination- color of flower attracts insects to fertilize flower
beginning of fruit and seed formation
fruits and seed are attractive to birds who eat and spread seeds.
Reproduces plant
some seeds carried on animals coats

50. Parts of the Flower differ in size, shape, and color, some basic parts
sepal
green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud before opening

51. Petals are actually leaves
usually bright colors to attract pollinating insects.

52. Parts of the Flower stamens male part of flower has two parts
filament-stalk

53. Anther
anther- sac-like structure on top of filament, contains pollen

54. Pistil three parts stigma - top - sticky
style - tube leading from stigma to ovary

55. Ovary
egg cells develop here
grows to become fruit or seedcoat

56. The End!!