1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 94 & 96 - 11-3 Slavery and African American Life Essential Question: How did cotton affect the social and economic life in the South?

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Explain the significance of cotton and the cotton gin to the South. Describe what life was like for free and enslaved African Americans in the South. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People cotton gin – a machine that used a spiked cylinder to remove seeds from cotton fibers slave code – laws that controlled every aspect of the lives of enslaved African Americans spiritual – a religious folk song that blended biblical themes with the realities of slavery Nat Turner – a slave who led a famous slave revolt in 1831

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did cotton affect the social and economic life of the South? A boom in the textile industry in the North caused by the Industrial Revolution created a huge demand for cotton. The South’s economy became dependent on cotton, and cotton plantations became dependent on slave labor.

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The South remained largely rural as its plantations grew wealthy from the cotton trade. In the North, the Industrial Revolution caused industry, immigration, and cities to grow.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. Before the introduction of the cotton gin, laborers had to pick seeds out of the cotton by hand, which was a very slow process. The cotton gin greatly sped up the processing of cotton and made it much more profitable. It also increased the use and value of cotton and led to huge growth in the South.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Cotton became the greatest source of wealth for the United States, enriching: Southern planters Northern bankers and ship owners

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. To keep up with the demand for cotton and the new ability to process it quickly, planters used more slave labor. From 1790 to 1860, both the demand for and the price of slaves increased dramatically.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Enslaved African Americans had no rights at all, and their lives were controlled by slave codes.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Lives of Enslaved African Americans in the South TasksSome enslaved African Americans worked in their owners’ homes. Most did heavy farm labor. Skilled workers Working conditions Some slaveholders worked slaves almost to death and whipped them as punishment for many offenses. Most owners saw their slaves as valuable property and tried to keep them healthy so they would be productive. FamiliesOwners often broke apart slave families by selling family members.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Many African Americans found messages of hope in the Bible, and they composed spirituals. Enslaved African Americans passed on African customs, music, and dance to their children.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1831, Nat Turner said he had a vision telling him to kill whites. He led a famous but doomed slave revolt. Many enslaved African Americans resisted slaveholders by working slowly, breaking equipment, fleeing to freedom in the north, and rebelling. Whites retaliated by killing many innocent African Americans.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By the 1830s, some northerners were pushing for slavery to be banned. After 1808, it was illegal to import enslaved Africans to the United States.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Supporters of slavery said that it was more humane than the free labor system of the North. Critics of slavery said that slaves suffered abuse from white owners.

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Most southern whites accepted the system of slavery, fearing violent uprisings would follow if control over slaves was weakened.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. About 6 percent of the 4 million African Americans in the South were free. Norbert Rillieux improved sugar refining. Many of the free African Americans made valuable contributions to southern life: Henry Blair invented a seed-planting device.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Obstacles Faced by Free African Americans in the South JobsFree African Americans were given only the most menial jobs. TravelThey were discouraged from traveling. EducationTheir children could not attend public schools. Political Rights They could not vote, serve on juries, or testify against white defendants in court. LibertySlave catchers often kidnapped them and sold them into slavery.

18. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. But more than half of all southern farmers did not have slaves. In the southern “Cotton Kingdom,” society was dominated by a small group of wealthy plantation owners. Instead of growing cotton, these people often grew corn and raised hogs and chickens.