1. Social influences on participation in sport and activity Positive and negative influences on participation

2. ACCESSAGEDISABILITYEDUCATIO N ENVIRONMENT / CLIMATE FAMILYGENDERMEDIA PEER GROUP POLITICSPOVERTYRELIGION SPONSORSHI P TRADITION / CULTURE

3. Access Limited by: Free time available Availability of facilities Cost “what is local, what is available, what is affordable”

4. Access Low cost local authority provision Shared facilities Synthetic pitches – long hours (disabled access, private members clubs) (countryside, mountains, coast)

5. Age People live longer More acceptable Health and well-being Veterans Discrimination (bowls) Cost

6. Disability Change of perception regarding desire and provision Rapid explosion in participation in last 20 years (disability Olympic Games)

7. Education Influence of schools PE lessons National curriculum After school clubs Links with local sports providers College/University Threats (playing fields sold, curriculum pressures, increased admin)

8. Environment and climate Physical environment Climate Technology (cost)

9. Family Often first influence Support and encouragement Cost “Mum’s taxi”

10. Gender Then: netball, hockey, lacrosse Now: rugby, soccer, boxing………… Still less prize money (eg wimbledon) Religion

11. Media TV rights Match timing – peak viewing – commercials Limited access, “pay per view” (sky) – cost Tabloid exposure Can spark enthusiasm to have a go!

12. Peer Group

13. Politics 1960’s east v west (young children “factory” trained, drugs) UK funding: exchequer, National Lottery Political protest at high profile events

14. Poverty Third World Cost of equipment / membership fees / facilities Sport England policies (funding for minority groups, facilities in deprived areas, “target sports”, etc)

15. Sponsorship “the funding of sporting activity for commercial gain” Sponsorship can increase participation Sponsorship “buys” rights Olympic Games Sports with mass appeal – resources - growing gap compared with less marketable

16. Tradition and Culture Strict moral codes regarding women, dress etc Apartheid Cricket v Baseball