1. By Cosimo Cannata Liceo Classico Leonforte, 2010/2011 Shakespeare and the Sonnet

2. Sonnet Sonnet About sonnet About sonnet About sonnet About sonnet Brief History about sonnet Brief History about sonnet Brief History about sonnet Brief History about sonnet Shakespearean Sonnet Shakespearean Sonnet Shakespearean Sonnet Shakespearean Sonnet

3. About sonnet About sonnet Form of poetry, has 14 lines with a specific rhyme scheme Form of poetry, has 14 lines with a specific rhyme scheme Topic of sonnets written in Shakespeare's time is love-- or a theme related to love Topic of sonnets written in Shakespeare's time is love-- or a theme related to love usually written as part of a series, with each sonnet a sequel to the previous one, although many sonnets could stand alone as separate poems. usually written as part of a series, with each sonnet a sequel to the previous one, although many sonnets could stand alone as separate poems.

4. Brief history of sonnet The sonnet originated in Sicily in the 13th Century with Giacomo da Lentini (1188-1240), a lawyer. The sonnet originated in Sicily in the 13th Century with Giacomo da Lentini (1188-1240), a lawyer. Poetic traditions of the Provençal region of France Poetic traditions of the Provençal region of France The English word "Sonnet" comes from the Italian word "sonetto," meaning "little song”, with accompaniment provided by a lute. The English word "Sonnet" comes from the Italian word "sonetto," meaning "little song”, with accompaniment provided by a lute.

5. Brief Introduction of Sonnet The Italian poet Petrarch (1304- 1374), a Roman Catholic priest, popularized the sonnet. The Italian poet Petrarch (1304- 1374), a Roman Catholic priest, popularized the sonnet. The format of Petrarch's sonnets differs from that of Shakespeare. Petrarch's sonnets each consist of an eight-line stanza (octave) and a six-line stanza (sestet). The first stanza presents a theme, and the second stanza develops it. The rhyme scheme is as follows: The format of Petrarch's sonnets differs from that of Shakespeare. Petrarch's sonnets each consist of an eight-line stanza (octave) and a six-line stanza (sestet). The first stanza presents a theme, and the second stanza develops it. The rhyme scheme is as follows: (1) first stanza (octave): ABBA, ABBA; (1) first stanza (octave): ABBA, ABBA; (2) second stanza (sestet): CDE, CDE. (2) second stanza (sestet): CDE, CDE.

6. Sonnet Came to England The sonnet form was introduced in England by Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503- 1542) and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-1547). The sonnet form was introduced in England by Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503- 1542) and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-1547). They translated Italian sonnets into English and wrote sonnets. Surrey introduced blank verse into the English language in his translation of the Aeneid of Vergil. They translated Italian sonnets into English and wrote sonnets. Surrey introduced blank verse into the English language in his translation of the Aeneid of Vergil. Wyatt and Surrey sometimes replaced Petrarch's scheme of an 8 line stanza and a six-line stanza with 3 four-line stanzas and a two-line conclusion known as a couplet. Wyatt and Surrey sometimes replaced Petrarch's scheme of an 8 line stanza and a six-line stanza with 3 four-line stanzas and a two-line conclusion known as a couplet.

7. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Born in Stratford-upon-Avon Born in Stratford-upon-Avon Moved to London around 1590 Moved to London around 1590 Received a good education Received a good education WHY studying Shakespeare? WHY studying Shakespeare? Ability to summarize the range of human emotions in simple, but profoundly eloquent verse; Ability to summarize the range of human emotions in simple, but profoundly eloquent verse; Great stories; Great stories; Great characters; Great characters; Great phrases now in history Great phrases now in history

8. Shakespearean Sonnets William Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. William Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. Sonnets 1-126 -> unidentified young man with outstanding physical and intellectual attributes. In Sonnets 1-126 -> unidentified young man with outstanding physical and intellectual attributes. In Sonnets 127-154, attention to addressing a mysterious "dark lady”. Sonnets 127-154, attention to addressing a mysterious "dark lady”.

9. The rhyming pattern The Shakespearean sonnet (also called the English sonnet) has three four-line stanzas (quatrains) and a two-line unit called a couplet. A couplet is always indented; both lines rhyme at the end. ABAB CDCD EFEF GG The Shakespearean sonnet (also called the English sonnet) has three four-line stanzas (quatrains) and a two-line unit called a couplet. A couplet is always indented; both lines rhyme at the end. ABAB CDCD EFEF GGShakespearean sonnet Shakespearean sonnet The meter of Shakespeare's sonnets is iambic pentameter (except in Sonnet 145). The rhyming lines in each stanza are the first and third and the second and fourth. In the couplet ending the poem, both lines rhyme. All of Shakespeare's sonnets follow the same rhyming pattern The meter of Shakespeare's sonnets is iambic pentameter (except in Sonnet 145). The rhyming lines in each stanza are the first and third and the second and fourth. In the couplet ending the poem, both lines rhyme. All of Shakespeare's sonnets follow the same rhyming pattern iambic pentameter iambic pentameter

10. Iambic Pentameter Shakespeare wrote his sonnets (and many of the lines in his plays) in iambic pentameter, Shakespeare wrote his sonnets (and many of the lines in his plays) in iambic pentameter, a technical term for a poetry pattern in which each line has 10 syllables, beginning with an unstressed syllable and a stressed syllable, followed by another pair of unstressed and stressed syllables, and so on--until there are five pairs of syllables (or ten syllables in all). a technical term for a poetry pattern in which each line has 10 syllables, beginning with an unstressed syllable and a stressed syllable, followed by another pair of unstressed and stressed syllables, and so on--until there are five pairs of syllables (or ten syllables in all). But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?

11. Sonnet 18 Quatrain 1 (four-line stanza) Quatrain 1 (four-line stanza) A Shall I compare thee to a summer’s Day? B Thou art more lovely and more temper ATE : A Rough winds do shake the darling buds of MAY, B And summer's lease hath all too short a DATE :

12. Sonnet 18 Quatrain 2 (four-line stanza) Quatrain 2 (four-line stanza) C Sometime too hot the eye of heaven SHINES, D And often is his gold complexion DIMM'D; C And every fair from fair sometime de CLINES, D By chance or nature's changing course un TRIMM'D;

13. Sonnet 18 Quatrain 3 (four-line stanza) E But thy eternal summer shall not FADE, F Nor lose possession of that fair thou OWEST, E Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his SHADE, F When in eternal lines to time thou GROWEST ;

14. Couplet (two rhyming lines) Couplet (two rhyming lines) G So long as men can breathe,or eyes can SEE; G So long lives this, and this gives life to THEE.

15. Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall death brag thou wand’ rest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.