1. First Aid H Text H E-mail: malmuhanna@ksu.edu.sa H Power Point: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/majdi_muhanna/default.aspx http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/majdi_muhanna/default.aspx H Yellow card H 20 minutes from hospital

2. H National Safety Council H Red Cross H Red Crescent H American Heart Association

3. International Safety Council

6. Course Information H Practical H Prevention H Easy Class? Easy A? H Concern for the victim H Advanced training?

7. First Aid H In the U.S. every year: –2 million hospitalized due to injuries –140,000 die from injuries –500,000 die from heart attacks –150,000 die from strokes

8. Injuries H The leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults H Brain and spinal cord injuries: 80,000 unnecessary and permanently disabled H Disabling injuries from unintentional causes: –One disabling injury every 2 seconds –One fatality every 6 minutes

9. Expenses Related to Unintentional Injuries H 480.5 billion dollars each year H Prevention is much less expensive

11. Leading Injury Related Deaths H Motor vehicle crashes H Falls H Poisoning H Drowning H Fires, burns

12. Heart Problems 1 of every 4 Americans has a heart problem

13. Emergency Frequency H ASU: 10,000 students H Student in this class

14. The Golden Hour

15. Why Learn First Aid H What is First Aid? First aid is the immediate care given to the injured or suddenly ill until more advanced care is obtained

16. Goals of First Aid H Keep victim alive H Prevent victim from getting worse H Help promote recovery H Ensure victim receives medical care

17. First Aid H Proper procedures may mean the difference between: –Life and death –Rapid or slow recovery –Hospitalization –Temporary disability or permanent injury

19. Lawsuit Society

21. Legal Aspects H No one is required to render first aid unless: –You have already begun first aid procedures –Designated by employer –Pre-existing responsibility

22. Legal Aspects #2 H Once first aid has begun, you are not to leave until: –The victim is under the care of someone with equal or greater training –The victim refuses treatment or transportation

23. Legal Aspects #3 H If you do leave, you may be charged with: ABANDONMENT

25. Standard Of Care H What type of first aid care is appropriate and acceptable? H If you act reasonably and with the same amount of training as others who would deal with similar circumstances

26. Scope of Care H If you follow recommendations identified by the American Heart Association, American Red Cross, National Safety Council, etc. you fall under: Published Recommendations

27. Consent H Expressed Consent: – Nod, oral, or written permission (parents / guardian of incompetent individuals) –Do not withhold first aid from a minor just to obtain consent H Implied Consent: –Deals with the unconscious –Deals with conscious who does not resist help

28. Consent #2 H Touching another person without permission is unlawful! (Battery)

29. Battery

31. Right To Refuse Care H Why might someone refuse care? student didn’t believe in going to the doctor H Try to convince victim that they need care

32. If Victim Refuses Care: H DO NOT give aid or transport H Make note of witnesses H Document events put all info in writing

33. If Parents Refuse Help For A Child: H Convince otherwise H Call police H Document events in writing H Identify witnesses

34. If Intoxicated Or Belligerent And Refuse Care H Convince otherwise H Document events in writing H Identify witnesses H Drugs and alcohol may mask injury

35. Protect Yourself from a Law Suit H Act only as you have been trained H Get consent H Do not move victim unnecessarily H Call for professional help H Continue care until help arrives

36. Good Samaritan Laws H Vary from state to state H Protects those acting in good faith without gross negligence or willful misconduct. H Your protection consists of proper training and application of skills

37. Good Samaritan Laws

38. Confidentiality H Confidentiality

39. Confidentiality

40. Rescue Doctrine H In some cases, the injured rescuer has the right to recover for injuries sustained while attempting to help amputated leg downed power line sued power company

41. Rescue Doctrine

42. Will You Help?

43. Consider The Following H Consider your health as well as the victim’s H Try to decide ahead of time if you will help H Are you bothered by blood, HIV risks, Hepatitus B and C? H Calm yourself, take deep breaths

44. Will You Help? #2 H Protect yourself by wearing gloves (victim in street) H Glove removal

45. Will You Help? #3 H All human blood and body fluids should be considered infectious –Wash hands extremely well –Clean spills with diluted bleach

46. Will You Help? #4 H If you don’t think you can handle a situation, call EMS –Do not call a friend or relative first –Teach children to call 997

47. The Dying Victim H Avoid negative statements H Assure victim that family will be located H Allow for some hope H Use a gentle voice

48. The Dying Victim #2 H Use the victim’s name H Reassure by touching the victim H Do not pronounce death H Even paramedics can’t pronounce death

49. Grieving

50. H For the victim’s family and for yourself H Don’t tell survivors everything at once H Counseling (paramedics-Westside)