1. Health & Safety Nicolette Thayer & Rachel Mitnick

2. Safety Concerns: Birth -2 Years 1.Stairs Tip: be close to child when learning how to climb stairs Treatment: check for any injuries Prevention: install a good quality gate 2.Suffocating Tip: make sure you know how to use slings properly Treatment: CPR Prevention: check that your baby’s crib has not been recalled 2.Choking Tip: babies under 10 months should be given only pureed food Treatment: Heimlich Maneuver Prevention: keep small toys out of children’s reach 2.Open Waters Tip: use cleaning buckets only when your baby is napping Treatment: CPR – if drowning Prevention: never lower your guard when water is around 2.Fires and Burns Tip: always have working fire alarms Treatment: cold water and ice (depending on degree of burn), get baby immediately away from fire Prevention: don’t carry your baby and a hot drink at the same time

3. Safety Concerns: Ages 3-5 1.Cars Tip: inform child why it is important to stay out of traffic Treatment: call emergency help Prevention: tell him not to play in the street or run after stray balls 2. Tricycle Tip: keep the child on the sidewalk Treatment: Band-Aid, and ice Prevention: make sure the child is always wearing a helmet 3. Open Waters Tip: have child wear floaties when swimming/watch over your child closely Treatment: CPR-if drowning Prevention: take child to swimming class 4. Strangers Tip: always know where your child is Treatment: call emergency help and report missing child Prevention: teach your child how to be safe around strangers 5. Car Seat Tip: once child outgrows car seat, put him in a booster seat Treatment: call emergency help Prevention: keep child in a car sweat with a harness

4. Safety Concerns: Ages 7-12 1.Cars Tip: if out of a booster seat, make sure your child is buckled up in the back seat with a lap and shoulder harness at all times Treatment: call 911 Prevention: move to regular seat belts should not occur until kids are "old enough and large enough" for the seat belts to protect them properly 2. Bicycle Tip: avoid bicycling near traffic/cars Treatment: band aid and ice Prevention: wear a helmet 3. Sports Tip: be safe when playing and wear pads, mouth guards, helmet, etc… Treatment: depends on injury (doctor, emergency room, band aid, ice) Prevention: teach your child to always wear all of the appropriate safety equipment made for each sport 4. Stranger Danger Tip: review scenarios that predators may use Treatment: call 911 and report missing child Prevention: teach stranger awareness 5. Sun Tip: avoid too much exposure to the sun Treatment: Cold shower and aloe gel Prevention: wear sunblock when going outside

5. Top 5 Choking Hazards 1.Grapes : should not eat whole grapes until they are over the age of 5, grapes should be cut when served 2.Hard Candy: leading cause of choking, never should be given to young children, including cough drops 3.Hot Dogs: should be cut into small pieces when served 4.Small Toys: do not leave child alone when playing 5.Popcorn: make sure the child is eating only when sitting down

6. Types of Burns Type of BurnFirst DegreeSecond DegreeThird Degree Cause Mild sunburn or flash burn (sudden, brief burst of heat). Scald injuries, flames, and skin that comes in contact with a hot object. Scalding liquid, skin that comes in contact with a hot object for a long time, flames, chemical or electrical source. Symptom Mild swelling, tenderness, and pain. Pain and swelling of the skin, turns bright red, and starts to blister. Burn appears charred and have white, brown, or black patches: tissues destroyed First Aid Cool with cold water and use non- prescription antibiotic cream. Do not put anything on the burn, and go to the hospital. Check for breathing, and call for immediate emergency help.

7. Treatment/First Aid Bruises: rest, ice, elevate Cuts: wash with warm water, apply antibacterial cream, cover with a gauze pad, tape, or band-aid Head Trauma: rest (medically and physically) Shock: lay the casualty down, keep head low, raise and support legs, loosen anything tight Allergic Reaction: avoid contact with the object, call 911 Lice: use a head lice treatment from the store Knocked out Tooth: control the bleeding, apply cool compress, take medication to ease the pain Poisoning: call poison control center

8. Immunizations needed from Birth-6 Years 1.HepB: Birth, 1-2 months, 6-18 months Appetite loss, fatigue, vomiting 2. RV: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months Lethargy, dry skin, extreme thirst 3. DTaP: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, 4-6 years Fever, crankiness, vomiting 4. Hib: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12-15 months Fever, stiff neck, headache 5. PCV: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12-15 months cough, shortness of breath, chest pains 6. IPV: 2 months, 4 months, 6-18 months, 4-6 years Sore throat, constipation, abdominal pain 7. Flu: 6 months-6 years(recommended each year) Cough, headache, fever 8. MMR: 12-15 months, 4-6 years Pink eye, painful swallowing, achy joints 9. Varicella: 12-15 months, 4-6 years Little appetite, headache, sore throat 10. HepA: 12-23 months Weight loss, itchy skin, jaundice 11. MCV4: 2-6 years Confusion, stiff neck, sensitivity to light

9. Fire Safety Tips Install a smoke alarm on each level of your house, and outside each sleeping area Test smoke alarms once a month, replace all batteries once a year, and replace all batteries once a year Determine at least two fire escapes from every room of your house Practice your escape plan at least twice a year

10. Keeping Kids Healthy & Safe Have plan in case of fire emergencies Go to doctors at least annually to get a checkup and any shots you may need Learn how to swim/have an adult close by when you are swimming For a poison emergency in the U.S. call 1-800- 222-1222

11. Sources http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/agesstages/a/nine_years_3.ht m http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/agesstages/a/nine_years_3.ht m www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/health/25bchoke.html www.baby-safety-concerns.com/ www.video.about.com/firstaid/Burns.htm www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/194018-treatment www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/ www.usfa.fema.gov/kids/ www.iafcs.org/page.asp?pg=Common+Child+Safety+Hazards www.squidoo.com/babyhazards