2. THE CIVIL WAR Unit 7

3. War breaks out

4. Lincoln’s Inauguration March 4 th, 1861 7 states have already seceded Lincoln acknowledges the divide…“apprehension seems to exist among the southern states…physically speaking, we cannot separate…”

6. Fort Sumtner When: April 12, 1861-April 13, 1861 Where: Charleston Harbor, South Carolina Key Points: Maj. Anderson requests reinforcements Lincoln sends food not reinforcements…why? South bombs the fort for 36 hours straight Anderson surrenders Effects?

11. Preparing for war

12. Who has the overall advantage? NorthSouth

13. Battle Plans North 1. Naval blockade of Southern ports 2. Control the Mississippi River and split Confederacy in two 3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate Capital “The Anaconda Plan” South 1. Fight a defensive war 2. Secure recognition and support from Europe 3. Negotiate an armistice Who’s got the better plan?

15. Division or Unification? …in the North… Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky remain with the Union Riots occur in many of these areas Example: Baltimore riots of April 1861 September 1861: Lincoln suspends right of Habeas Corpus How will the divisions impact the North?

16. …in the South April-May 1861: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia join confederacy Western counties of Virginia remain with the Union…form West Virginia in 1863 How will this impact the South?

17. Conscription North: All men 20-45 $300 exempts you from the draft 92% of men volunteered Who’s got the advantage? South: All men 18-35 Exemptions for slaveholders with 20 slaves or more 80% of eligible men served

18. Leadership

20. Who has the overall advantage? NorthSouth

21. The Politics of War

22. Trent episode (1861) Confederates send two diplomats to Britain to seek recognition and aid Union captures the diplomats and Britain threatens to go to war U.S. releases the diplomats back to the south South does not receive recognition

23. British aid 1862-1864: British build ships for the Confederacy Sink 250 union ships Why did the British help the south?

24. The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Causes? Effects? Emancipates only those slaves in states still in rebellion, NOT IN THE BORDER STATES!!!

25. Economics of war North: Increased demand for goods = increased industry = booming economy 1863: Fed gov’t issues income tax South: Slaves resisted work = shortage of money and supplies Lack of food = rising prices & riots Union blockade = No trade with Europe No system to collect taxes

26. Who has the advantage? NorthSouth

27. The Battles

28. Keep a record of the following information: BattleMonth/YearWinnerMain point

29. 1 st Battle of Bull Run (1 st Battle of Manassas) (July 1861) Pressure to engage South leads to Bull Run Union outnumbers South, but “Stonewall” Jackson holds and South wins Lincoln removes McDowell and appoints George McClellan commander What does this tell you about Lincoln? What does this tell you about the Confederacy?

33. Grant moves west Feb 1862: Gen Ulysses S. Grant conquers forts along western rivers Significance?

34. Lessons of Shiloh March 1862: Grant’s army is brutally attacked at Shiloh, Mississippi Grant responded with 100% invasion of troops Lessons?

35. April 1862: Admiral Farragut takes New Orleans and moves up Mississippi River Significance?

36. Loss at Richmond Spring 1862: McClellan moves onto Richmond McClellan is too cautious, arrogant, and slow to commit McClellan loses to Lee’s counter-attack in the Seven Days Battles McClellan is removed Lessons?

38. 2 nd Battle of Bull Run (2 nd Battle of Manassas) (August 1862) Gen. Pope replaces McClellan as commander of Army of the Potomac Lee moves north toward Washington, DC Gen. Pope engages Lee and is crushed. Lee and Army of Northern Virginia move into MD, hoping to stir rebellion.

40. Antietam, September 17 th, 1862 McClellan returns to command Lee swings north and crosses the Potomac Lee’s battle plans are discovered McClellan does not act on info for 18 hours! Confederates move back into VA and McClellan stays put…no clear winner! Bloodiest day in U.S. history!!....26,000+ dead November 1862: Lincoln removes McClellan

44. Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville Dec. 1862May 1863 Burnside replaces McClellan after Antietam Burnside is defeated by Lee at Fredericksburg Hooker replaces Burnside Hooker is defeated by Lee at Chancellorsville Hooker is replaced by Meade Stonewall Jackson is shot, catches pneumonia, and dies on May 10th

46. Discussion Question: What is the staus of the war as of June 1863?

47. Gettysburg July 1, 2, 3 1863 Why did Lee want to invade the North?

48. Battle of Gettysburg July 1, 1863 Confederate troops enter Gettysburg looking for supplies Confederate troops come in contact with Union troops Union forces hold the higher ground and wait for reinforcements Over 90,000 union troops and 75,000 confederate troops arrive by Day 2

50. Battle of Gettysburg July 2, 1863 Lee orders Gen. Longstreet to try to capture Cemetery Ridge Heavy fighting occurs in the Peach Orchard, Devil’s Den, and the Wheatfield Rebel troops try to capture Little Round Top to position artillery on it Col Chamberlain and men of Maine hold hill by attacking South bayonet charge Lines hold = Union wins the day

52. Battle of Gettysburg July 3, 1863 Lee tries to break center of Union line at a point called “the angle” Lee concentrates artillery fire on Union lines on the ridge Gen. Pickett’s men charge Union lines, covering a mile of open ground and running up ridge… Good Move? Union artillery and infantry fire destroy Pickett’s division. Every officer killed or wounded.

53. Pickett’s Charge

55. Battle of Gettysburg July 3, 1863 Stuart’s cavalry is stalled by Union forces Lee withdraws Meade does not counter-attack Good move?

56. Gettysburg Address November 1863 Lincoln speaks at a dedication of a cemetery for the war dead. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, not popular at time, becomes part of national identity. Focus of the speech?

57. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/images/platform.jpg

59. Vicksburg April-July 1863 Key location along Mississippi River Overlooked the River Grants first attempts fail Solution?...siege…constant bombing of military and civilian sites July 4 th …Vicksburg Falls Union controls Mississippi River

60. Total War!! 1864: Lincoln replaces Meade with Grant as Union commander Grant appoints Sherman as commander of Union forces in Mississippi Strategy: Constantly ATTACK Lee’s army…spare no soldier

61. Grant: Brilliant or Butcher? May-June 1864: Grant lost 65,000 & Lee 35,000 Wilderness campaign (Grant lost 50,000) Cold Harbor (Grant lost 7,000 in 1 hr) Impact?

62. Sherman’s March to the sea Sept. 1864: Sherman takes Atlanta Burns Atlanta then heads toward the coast…burns everything in his path Moves to South Carolina…burns everything in his path Goal: Crush south’s will to fight

64. Election of 1864 McClellan runs on the Copperhead/Democratic ticket Lincoln & Andrew Johnson (Southern Democrat) run on the Republican ticket Lincoln wins: 55% of Popular vote 91% of electoral vote

65. Surrender!!!!!!!!!!!!! April 1865: Davis abandons Richmond April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant Lincoln makes sure that Lee and his officers are treated with respect…reason? May 1865: Jefferson Davis is captured in Georgia May 1865: All southern forces surrender War ends