1.  Identify the nations in the following alliances:  Triple Alliance  Triple Entente Use Chapter 23 Section 1!

2. The Road to War

3.  1914-1918  “The Great War”  “The War to End All Wars”  Involved powerful industrial nations and weaker unindustrialized countries

4.  M.A.N.I.A.  Militarism  Alliances  Nationalism  Imperialism  Assassination

5.  Aggressive building of an army  Preparing for war  Extensive planning  Conscription- forcing civilians to serve in the military  Mobilization- getting troops and supplies ready for war

6. After 1900  Huge increase in size of European armies Russia- 1.3 million France- 900,000 Germany- 900,000 250,000-500,000  Great Britain  Italy  Austrian-Hungary

7.  Agreements between two countries  Increased security 1914:  Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, & Italy  Triple Entente: Russia, France, & Great Britain  Led to “world” war

8.  Acting in country’s best interest  Extreme pride in one’s country  Self-Determination Self-government Anti-imperialist

9.  Desire to gain more land (power!!)  European nations wanted Africa and China  Created rivalries

10.  Gavrilo Princip (Serbian) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife (Austro-Hungarian)  Austria-Hungary govt thought Serbian govt planned assassination

11.  Serbia is located in the Balkans 20 th c. Crisis  Balkans (1908-1913)  Alliances had tension  Europeans wanted their own national states

12.  June 28, 1914: Assassination  July 28, 1914: AH declares war on Serbia  July 29, 1914: Russia mobilizes to aid Serbia  August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia (bc Russia is a Serbian ally)  August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France (bc France is a Russian ally)

13.  Describe trench warfare. Use Chapter 23 Section 2!

14. The War

15.  Schlieffen Plan 2 front (areas of fighting) war Divided the German army in half 3 Steps: 1. 1 st German army would hold Russian border 2. 2 nd German army would rush to France through Belgium to defeat Paris 3. After France had fallen, the 2 German armies would work together to defeat Russia  Violated Belgium’s neutrality  FAILED!!!!!!!!!

16.  Schlieffen Plan  Sept. 6-10, 1914- Germany was stopped in France at the First Battle of the Marne French loaded two thousand Parisian taxicabs with troops Sent them to the front line

17. First Battle of the Marne Stalemate (tie) Neither France nor Germany could advance Had to dig for shelter  Trench Warfare- fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire Stretched from English Channel to Switzerland Huge loss of life Terrible conditions

27. Mobile (moved) Huge loss of life Sept. 15, 1914- Battle of Masurian Lakes  Germany defeated Russia Russia defeated A-H  Freed Serbia

28.  Italy betrayed Triple Alliance May 1915- Attacked A-H Joined France, G.B., Russia  Triple Entente  Allied Powers  Germany and A-H defeated Russia 2.5 million killed, captured, or wounded

29.  Italy, France, Great Britain, Russia = Allied Powers  Russia was almost out of the war  Ottoman Empire joined Germany and Austria- Hungary = Central Powers  Both sides now could concentrate on the Western Front

30. Western FrontEastern Front Stalemate- Kept both sides in the same place for 4 years Trench warfare- fighting from ditches War was more mobile Russia was driven out of Germany Russia defeated Austria- Hungary Serbia became free Italy broke alliance and attacked AH

31.  What is Total War? Use Chapter 23 Section 2!

32. The War Continued

33. Trench Warfare:  Trenches didn’t allow advancement  War of Attrition- each side tried to wear down the other Heavy attacks Huge loss of life

34. War in the Air  1 st airplanes Spotted enemy positions Attacked ground targets  Machine gun would be later mounted for air combat  Germans used Zeppelins- Giant hydrogen filled airships/exploded when hit

35.  Both sides wanted new allies Middle East  Lawrence of Arabia- 1917-18 Arab princes revolted against Ottoman Empire Won with British Great Britain  Australia, India, New Zealand Japan  Seized German islands

36.  U.S.= Neutral  British set up naval blockades Prevented Germany from getting supplies by sea Unrestricted submarine warfare German subs sank military and civilian ships

37.  May 7,1915- Germans sank the British ship Lusitania Killing 1100 civilians 100 Americans American Gov’t protested  January 1917-Zimmerman Telegram Germany to Mexico Intercepted by British Encouraged Mexico to declare war on U.S.  April 1917- US declared war on Germany Sent money and supplies Troops arrived in 1918

38.  Total War- complete mobilization of resources and people Affected all civilians  Gov’ts set up drafts- Increase troops  Planned Economies Econ Controls, Food Rations, Imports/Exports  Pres. Woodrow Wilson- everyone is apart of the effort

39.  Propaganda- Ideas spread to influence public opinion (for or against)  Stirred up national hatred  Every country was faced with fleeting support  Increased propaganda and used guilt to build support  Exaggerated acts of enemies  Censorship- Newspapers, radio

40. New roles for women Chimney Sweeps, Truck Drivers, Farm Laborers, Factory Workers  Women took over men’s jobs Temporary (Ended after War)  Women's Suffrage (right to vote) U.S., Germany, Austria, G.B.

41.  What are reparations? Use Chapter 23 Section 4!

42. End of the War

43.  Russia dropped out of the war due to their revolution Ended the Eastern Front  United States joined the war Psychological boost for Allied Powers

44.  March- Germany launched a major attack Headed towards Paris  July 18- 2 nd Battle of the Marne French, Moroccan, and American troops stopped the Germans  September 29- Germany knew the war had been lost

45.  November 11, 1918 Armistice- a truce agreement to end the fighting during war  Magic 11 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month (11am Nov. 11, 1918)

46.  “Big Four” US, GB, France, Italy Woodrow Wilson- United States David Lloyd George- Great Britain Georges Clemenceau- France  Russia and Germany were not invited

47.  January 1919 27 Allied nations met in Paris  President Wilson’s Plan Fourteen Points  Open diplomacy  Disarmament  Self-determination  League of Nations

48.  League of Nations Jan. 25, 1919 Prevent War  Reparations Monetary payments from Germany to France and GB  Neutral Zone Between Germany and France

49.  June 28, 1919  War Guilt Clause Germany was responsible for starting the war  Reparations to Allies  Demilitarization Germany lost all weapons  Land returned to France by Germany

50.  Eastern European lines were redrawn  Ethnic groups were divided  Mandates- nation governed by another nation on behalf of the League of Nations GB  Iraq and Palestine France  Lebanon and Syria