1. -Cloning??- What is a Cloning? * Cloning - is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two! How is SCNT differ from embryo? * In SCNT, the egg cell's single set of chromosomes is removed. It is replaced by the nucleus from a somatic cell, which already contains two complete sets of chromosomes. Therefore, in the resulting embryo, both sets of chromosomes come from the somatic cell.

2. Steps in Cloning! STEPS: The first step in cloning a gene is to isolate the DNA from the organism that contains the desired gene. The isolated DNA is purified and then fragmented with a enzyme. Each fragment has a single-stranded sequence of nucleotides on its ends that is capable of hybridizing with DNA that has been fragmented with the same enzyme. The DNA fragments are them incorporated into plasmids. The cohesive ends of the plasmids an DNA fragments now line up and the enzymes. The next step is to incorporate the plasmids into bacterial host cells by transformation. The cells can now be plated out on an agar medium.

3. Clone Zone *1885* - Seeing Double? Sea Urchins Cloned! *1902* - Slimy Salamanders Cloned: What’s Next *1928* - It’s True: The Nucleus is in Charge *1968* - For Cloning, Any Nucleus Will Do *1975* - Cloning with a Wee Wittle Wabbit Egg *1986* - Baa-Baa from an Early kind of Cell

4. Why Clone? Cloning Humans: To help infertile couples have children To replace a deceased child Reproducing a Deceased Pet: No joke! If you really wanted to, and if you had enough money, you could clone your beloved family cat. At least one biotechnology company in the United States offers cat cloning services for the privileged and bereaved, and they are now working to clone dogs. But don't assume that your cloned kitty will be exactly the same as the one you know and love. Why not?

5. Clone Myth! Here are some types of Clone Myth: Myth: Cloning is a new technology. Myth: Clones are a specific animal’s DNA grafted onto another body. Myth: Offspring of clones are clones, and each generation gets weaker and weaker and has more and more problems.

6. Cloning Risks! Types of Cloning Risks: 1. High failure rate 2. Problems during later development 3. Abnormal gene expression patterns 4. Telomeric differences

7. Cloning Issues! Ethical, legal, and social issues. There are several types of issues to consider as we think about cloning: 1. Ethical issues are those that ask us to consider the potential moral outcomes of cloning technologies. 2. Legal issues require researchers and the public to help policymakers decide whether and how cloning technologies should be regulated by the government. 3. Social issues involve the impact of cloning technologies on society as a whole.