1. Living Mysteries
Creatures of the Earth

2. Scientific or Biological Classification 1
This is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms.
Scientific classification can also be called scientific taxonomy.
Modern classification has its root in the work of Carolus Linnaeus, who grouped species according to shared physical characteristics.

3. Scientific or Biological Classification 2
These groupings have been revised since Linnaeus to improve consistency with the Darwinian principle of common descent: Molecular systematics.
This uses DNA sequences as data, (thus leading to many recent revisions & will likely continue to do so.)
Scientific classification belongs to the science of taxonomy or biological systematics

4. Carolus Linnaeus
(1707 – 1778) was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1]
Laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature.
He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy."
He is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology Video Clip MNH

5. Taxonomy
At one time this was only known as, the science of classifying living things.
The word comes from the Greek τάξις, taxis, 'order' + νόμος, nomos, 'law' or 'science'.
dtd 1/3/07

6. Taxonomy The 7 levels of taxonomy are: Kingdom
Phylum (for animals) or Division (for plants & fungi)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species.

7. Phylogenetic Trees vs Cladistics
2 major ways to study the relationships between organisms.

8. Phylogenetic Tree - 1 A.K.A. An evolutionary tree or a tree of life.
This is a tree showing the evolutionary interrelationships among various species or other entities that are believed to have a common ancestor.
Mini video (How closely related species are to each other over a period of time.)

9. Phylogenetic Tree -2
In this layout, each node with descendants represents the most recent common ancestor of the descendants.
The lengths on the
tree sometimes
corresponding
to time estimates.

10. Cladistics - 1
A branch of biology that determines the evolutionary relationships between organisms based on derived similarities.
This is the most common form of systematics, that study the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
The word cladistics is derived from the ancient Greek κλάδος, klados, "branch."

11. Cladistics - 2

12. Lets Explore Plants! Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae
Divisions (2 Types)
Green algae
Land plants (embryophytes) (2 Types)
Non-vascular plants (bryophytes)
Vascular plants (tracheophytes) (9 Types)
Seed plants (spermatophytes)

13. Vascular vs. Non-Vascular
Water and solutes moved through special cells called xylem
Sugar transported by special cells called phloem
Plants can be 300 feet tall and parts can be distant from water source

14. Vascular vs. Non-Vascular
Water movement by osmosis
Solutes move by diffusion
Plants not very large, all parts must be near their water source

15. Vascular Plants
Unique - they have specialized tissues for conducting water. (Water transport: xylem or phloem: xylem carries water/organic solute upward toward the leaves from the roots & phloem carries organic solutes throughout the plant.)
Vascular plants include the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
Scientific names are Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta, but neither is very widely used.

16. Family: Pinaceae (Pine family) Genus: Pinus Species: P. glabra
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family:  Pinaceae (Pine family)
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: Pinus
Species: P. glabra

17. References: Holt – Modern Biology