1. Chapter 6 Managing Your Weight

2. Calories  Calories are a unit to measure energy; measures calories in food and the energy that your body burns  Their Source Depends on the amount of carbs, protein, and fat in the food Portion Size How the food has been prepared? Calories to Burn- How many calories do you need? Rate of growth Body size Gender Age

3. Weight Problems: Risky Business Body Fat vs. Body Weight  Overweight- weighing more than 10% over the standard weight for height  Obesity- excess body fat, or adipose tissue Excess body fat increase the workload of the body frame, heart and lungs Hypertension Diabetes High Cholesterol Atherosclerosis  Sedentary Lifestyle  Poor food habits  Hereditary plays a role, however; the link between generations is unclear  Underweight- 10% or more below the normal weight Has little body fat as an energy reserve Less nutrients that the body stores Increase in health problems; harder to fight off infection

4. Diets and Eating Disorders  Diet- everything you eat and drink  Fad Diet- is an approach to weight control that is popular for a short time. Ex. Grapefruit or the cabbage soup diets Limit certain nutrients and food variety  Weight Cycling- losing and regaining weight; much of the weight lost is water and not body fat. Ex. Seesaw dieting or yo- yo dieting

5. Other Risky Weight Loss Strategies  Fasting- not replenishing the body’s nutrients can be dangerous. Without food, the body starts to use its own muscle tissue as an energy source.  Liquid Protein Diet- high protein, low carb liquid diets can have serious side effects; consult doctor before using this as your only form of weight loss.  Diet Pills- burn, block, or flush the fat; researchers have yet to find a pill that can do this safely. May help in suppressing energy, but can have other serious side effects.

6. Eating Disorders  Anorexia Nervosa- Is a disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe weight loss from self- induced starvation.  Is a psychological disorder with both emotional and physical consequences.  Relates to individuals self concept and coping abilities  Extremely low caloric intake; Obsession with exercising; Emotional problems; Unnatural interest in food; Unrealistic or distorted sense of body image; Denial of an eating problem  Most are in their teens or twenties  Not generally common among males, but can be at risk  Symptoms can include: Extreme weight loss; Constipation; Hormonal changes; Heart damage; Impaired immune function; Decreased heart rate; Menstrual cycle may cease due to low body fat; Severe cases may cause death.

7. Eating Disorders  Bulimia- is a disorder in which cycles of overeating are followed by some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract.  Bulimics usually follow a restrictive diet, and then binge  Quickly eats large amounts of food followed by self- induced vomiting or purging through abuse of laxatives  Trying to obtain the “perfect figure”  Often very secretive  Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration; Kidney damage; Irregular heartbeat; Vomiting erodes tooth enamel; Tooth decay; Damages tissues in the stomach, esophagus, and mouth; Nutrient deficiencies can occur from laxatives not allowing digestion or absorption; Laxatives can also damage composition of blood

8. Calories  Calories are a unit to measure energy; measures calories in food and the energy that your body burns  Their Source Depends on the amount of carbs, protein, and fat in the food Portion Size How the food has been prepared? Calories to Burn- How many calories do you need? Rate of growth Body size Gender Age

9. Body Fat vs. Body Weight  _________________- weighing more than 10% over the standard weight for height  _________________- excess body fat, or adipose tissue Excess body fat increase the workload of the body frame, heart and lungs Hypertension Diabetes High Cholesterol Atherosclerosis  Sedentary Lifestyle  Poor food habits  Hereditary plays a role, however; the link between generations is unclear  _________________- 10% or more below the normal weight Has little body fat as an energy reserve Less nutrients that the body stores Increase in health problems; harder to fight off infection

10. Diets and Eating Disorders  __________- everything you eat and drink  __________- is an approach to weight control that is popular for a short time. Ex. Grapefruit or the cabbage soup diets Limit certain nutrients and food variety  ___________- losing and regaining weight; much of the weight lost is water and not body fat. Ex. Seesaw dieting or yo- yo dieting

11. Other Risky Weight Loss Strategies  ______________- not replenishing the body’s nutrients can be dangerous. Without food, the body starts to use its own muscle tissue as an energy source.  ______________- high protein, low carb liquid diets can have serious side effects; consult doctor before using this as your only form of weight loss.  _______________- burn, block, or flush the fat; researchers have yet to find a pill that can do this safely. May help in suppressing energy, but can have other serious side effects.

12. Eating Disorders  ___________________- Is a disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe weight loss from self- induced starvation.  Is a psychological disorder with both emotional and physical consequences.  Relates to individuals self concept and coping abilities  Extremely low caloric intake; Obsession with exercising; Emotional problems; Unnatural interest in food; Unrealistic or distorted sense of body image; Denial of an eating problem  Most are in their teens or twenties  Not generally common among males, but can be at risk  Symptoms can include: Extreme weight loss; Constipation; Hormonal changes; Heart damage; Impaired immune function; Decreased heart rate; Menstrual cycle may cease due to low body fat; Severe cases may cause death.

13. Eating Disorders  _______________________- is a disorder in which cycles of overeating are followed by some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract.  Bulimics usually follow a restrictive diet, and then binge  Quickly eats large amounts of food followed by self- induced vomiting or purging through abuse of laxatives  Trying to obtain the “perfect figure”  Often very secretive  Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration; Kidney damage; Irregular heartbeat; Vomiting erodes tooth enamel; Tooth decay; Damages tissues in the stomach, esophagus, and mouth; Nutrient deficiencies can occur from laxatives not allowing digestion or absorption; Laxatives can also damage composition of blood