3. -Describe the ways monarchs take power -Explain the concept of divine right -Cite examples of absolute monarchies -Describe constitutional monarchies -Identify ways in which monarchs have power limited in a constitutional monarchy -Justify the need for constitutional monarchies over time -Evaluate reasons that monarchs have been overthrown LEARNING TARGETS

4. Absolute Monarch Constitutional Monarchy Cabinet Parliament Divine Right TERMS

5. -Absolute Monarch: A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society -Divine Right: The idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God TERMS

6. Constitutional Monarchy: a system of governing in which the ruler’s power is limited by law Cabinet: a group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Parliament: a legislative body in various countries TERMS

7. MAP OF EUROPE

8. Decline of feudalism Rise of cities Growth of national kingdoms Growth of middle class Wealth of colonies Breakdown of Church authority Economic and religious crises Revolts Regulated worship, social gatherings, and economy Increased size of court Created new government bureaucracies Reduced power of nobles and representative bodies Absolute Monarch Rise of Absolutism

9. One theme = CONTROL!!! Control the government -Centralize & create bureaucracy -Reduce power of representative bodies Control the nobility -Increase size of court; regulate social gatherings -Reduce nobles’ power in the government Control economics -Great works -Economic policies centralized Control power -Divine right & regulate religion

10. -1527-1598 -Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and the American colonies from his father Charles V -Very wealthy -lived in luxurious palace called the Escorial -Fierce defender of Catholicism -fought Muslims of the Ottoman Empire -fought Protestants of Europe SPAIN: PHILLIP II

11. EL-ESCORIAL

12. -1638-1715 -Began his reign at age 14 and took control of government at 22 -Tried to make France self-sufficient -Spent a fortune surrounding himself with luxury Called the “Sun King” -lived in the luxurious palace of Versailles p. 166 FRANCE: LOUIS XIV

13. -Under Louis’ rule, France became the most powerful country in Europe -However, news of the king’s death led to rejoicing throughout France -The king had entered France into many costly wars -The construction of Versailles helped send the country into debt FRANCE CONT’D

14. What are the benefits and drawbacks for society when a ruler monopolizes important decision- making? (5 Minute Turn and Talk) CRITICAL THINKING

15. Benefit: Consistent leadership is good for business Drawback: Decision-making depends on the whims of a single person Benefit: The people might gain protection Drawback: people may be punished if their religion differs from the monarch Benefit: The people may gain pride in their country POSSIBLE ANSWERS

16. Religion: Russians were Eastern Orthodox whereas Europeans were Catholic or Protestant. Geography: Russia was isolated from Western Europe History: Russia was not involved in the Renaissance or the Age of Exploration Result: Russians distrusted and avoided foreigners RUSSIA: HOW WAS IT DIFFERENT FROM EUROPE?

17. -1672-1725 -Called “Peter the Great” because he was one of Russia’s greatest reformers -More than 6 and a half feet tall -Became sole leader of Russia at 24 -Took a tour of Western Europe to learn about their customs and techniques -Increased his own powers as ruler in order to force change and “westernization” -Westernizing Russia p. 176 RUSSIA: PETER I

18. -1633-1701 -Unpopular in England due to his Catholicism -Dissolved parliament when they objected to his appointment of Catholics to high office -Overthrown by his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, a prince of the Netherlands -This was called the Glorious Revolution ENGLAND: JAMES II

19. -Vow to recognize Parliament as a partner in governing -Switch from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy -Draft a Bill of Rights to make clear limits on Royal Power p. 183 -A Cabinet system develops and becomes the link between the monarchs and Parliament ENGLAND: WILLIAM AND MARY

20. Frayer Chart for Absolute Monarchy Examples Characteristics Class Definition Non-Examples