1. Naming Compounds, cations and anions

2. Elements and symbols that you should know:
Part 1 – The obvious ones:
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen H He Li Be B C N
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus O F Ne Mg Al Si P

3. Some more obvious ones:
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon S Cl Ar
18) Calcium
19) Zinc Ca Zn
The less obvious ones:
Sodium
Potassium
Iron
Copper
Silver Na K Fe Cu Ag
6) Tin
7) Gold
8) Mercury
9) Lead Sn Au Hg Pb

4. Polyatomic ions (-1 charge)
H2PO4 DiHydrogen phosphate
C2H3O2 Acetate
HSO3 Hydrogen Sulfite
HCO3 Hydrogen Carbonate
NO2 Nitrite
NO3 Nitrate
CN Cyanide
OH Hydroxide
MnO4 Permanganate
ClO Hypochlorite
ClO2 Chlorite
ClO3 Chlorate
ClO4 Perchlorate

5. Polyatomic ions (-2 charge)
HPO4 Hydrogen Phosphate
C2O4 Oxalate
SO3 Sulfite
SO4 Sulfate
CO3 Carbonate
CrO4 Chromate
Cr2O7 Dichromate
SiO3 Silicate

6. Polyatomic ions (-3 charge)
PO3 Phosphite
PO4 Phosphate

7. Rule 1– If two identical elements combine then the name doesn’t change
This happens with the following elements: H2 N2 O2 F2
Cl2
Br2
These elements always go around in pairs (diatomic molecules). For example, hydrogen looks like this:

8. e.g. Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide
Ionic Bonding: Metal and Non-metal
Rule 2 – When two elements join and one is a halogen, oxygen or sulfur the name ends with ____ide
e.g. Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide
Sodium + chlorine
Magnesium + fluorine
Lithium + iodine
Chlorine + copper
Oxygen + iron
KBr
LiCl
CaO
MgS KF

9. e.g. Sodium + hydrogen + oxygen Sodium hydroxide
Ionic Bonding: Metal and Non-metal
Rule 3 – When three or more elements combine and two of them are hydrogen and oxygen the name ends with hydroxide
e.g. Sodium + hydrogen + oxygen Sodium hydroxide
Potassium + hydrogen + oxygen
Lithium + hydrogen + oxygen
Calcium + hydrogen + oxygen
Mg(OH)2

10. e.g. Copper + sulfur + oxygen Copper sulfate
Ionic Bonding: Metal and Non-metal
Rule 4 – When three or more elements combine and one of them is oxygen the ending is _____ate
e.g. Copper + sulfur + oxygen Copper sulfate
Calcium + carbon + oxygen
Potassium + carbon + oxygen
Calcium + sulfur + oxygen
Magnesium + chlorine + oxygen
Calcium + oxygen + nitrogen
AgNO3
H2SO4
K2CO3

11. e.g. SO is sulfur monoxide
Covalent Bonding: 2 or more Non-metals
Rule 5 – When two or more elements combine and they are all non-metals, USE the PREFIXES to indicate how many of each atom is in the formula. Never use 1 for the first element (even if it is only 1 atom).
e.g. SO is sulfur monoxide
Mono Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
Octa
Nona
Deca
SO2 is sulfur dioxide
PCl5 is phosphorus pentachloride
N2O5 is dinitrogen pentoxide

12. Covalent formulas Ionic formulas H2O CO2 NH3 H2 O2 N2 SO2
Dihydrogen monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen trihydride
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur dioxide
NaCl
CaCl2
MgO
HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
NaOH
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3
Al2O3
Fe2O3
Sodium chloride
Calcium chloride
Magnesium oxide
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium carbonate
Aluminium oxide
Iron oxide