1. Welcome to Family Life Education

2. GROUND RULES Everyone has the right to pass.
Every question is a good question.
No teasing, put-downs, talking about each other, looks, groans, or gestures.
Classroom discussions are confidential.
Treat role plays seriously.
No personal questions.
Use correct appropriate terms.
Be accurate with your parents/guardian.
Each person speaks for himself or herself.

3. Virginia Laws The legal age of consent is 18. What does consent mean?
To give approval or permission having a full understanding of the possible consequences.
Why do you think we have laws like this?
This age reflects the age at which a person can legally give approval/permission to have sexual activity with another person.

4. Virginia Laws
Any form of sexual relations under the age of 13 is statutory rape.
What does this mean?
It is illegal to have sexual relations with a person who is age 13 or below.
This is a class 4 felony and punishable by 2-10 yrs and up to $100,000 fine (Virginia Department of Health).

5. Virginia Laws Alcohol & Drugs
A person under the influence of alcohol or drugs CANNOT give legal consent (permission) to sexual activity.

6. Body Fluids Transmit – To send from one person or place to another.
There are four (4) body fluids that can transmit Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).

7. Four (4) Body Fluids Blood Breast Milk Seminal Fluid (Semen)
Vaginal Fluid

8. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
There are 2 types of infections.
Bacterial Infections
Viral Infections

9. Bacterial Infections Caused by a bacterial agent.
Can be cured with medicine called antibiotics.
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention:

10. Chlamydia Transmission: Vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
An infected mother can pass it to her baby during vaginal birth
The most common STI in the U.S.

11. Chlamydia: Signs and Symptoms
Known as the “silent” disease.
75% of infected women and 50% of infected men have NO symptoms
Women may experience
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Burning sensation when urinating
Lower abdominal pain
Low back pain
Nausea
Fever
Pain or bleeding during intercourse
Bleeding between menstrual periods.

12. Signs & Symptoms Men might experience
Discharge from their penis
A burning sensation when urinating
Burning and itching around the opening of the penis
Chlamydia can also be found in the throats of women and men having oral sex with an infected partner
Can be found in the rectum of infected persons from anal intercourse
Can infect the eyes if they come into contact with body fluid

13. If Not Treated?
In women, untreated infection can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).
Can lead to infertility (unable to have children).

14. If Not Treated?
For men, infection sometimes spreads to the epididymis (a tube that carries sperm from the testis), causing pain, fever, and, rarely, sterility.

15. Gonorrhea (the “Clap”)
Transmission
Through CONTACT with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus.
Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted.
Can also be spread from mother to baby during delivery.
People may get infected more than once if they have sexual contact with a person infected with gonorrhea.

16. Signs & Symptoms
Most men and women experience no symptoms of Gonorrhea
Some men may experience:
A burning sensation when urinating
A white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis
Painful or swollen testicles.
Some women may experience:
A painful or burning sensation when urinating
Increased vaginal discharge
Vaginal bleeding between periods.

17. If Not Treated? For women, it can cause PID and infertility.
If passed from mother to baby, it may cause premature labor, stillbirth, or frequent infections.
For men, it can cause infertility.

18. Syphilis Transmission
Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore.
Sores occur mainly on the external genitals (penis and testicles), vagina, anus, or in the rectum.
Sores also can occur on the lips and in the mouth.

19. Signs & Symptoms (for Men & Women)
Many people infected with syphilis do not have any symptoms for years.
Primary Stage - There is usually a single sore or multiple sores.
Secondary Stage – There are skin rashes and mucous membrane lesions.
Late (hidden) Stage – May damage the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.
Many of these sores are unrecognized. Therefore, most transmission is from persons who are unaware that they have the infection.

20. Viral Infections Caused by a viral agent. Can not be cured.
May be treated.
May help the infection not get worse.

21. Herpes Caused by the Herpes Simplex Viruses
Causes sores on the mouth (Type 1) or genitals (Type 2)
Transmitted from an infected partner who may or may not have a visible sore
A person may not even know that he or she is infected.
8 in 10 Americans have oral herpes, 1 in 4 have genital herpes

22. Oral Herpes: Signs and Symptoms
Cold sores will show up on, in, or around the mouth
Symptoms may last a few weeks and then go away
They may return in weeks, months, or years
Annoying, but usually harmless in adults and children

23. Genital Herpes: Signs & Symptoms
Even if a person displays NO symptoms, they can still carry and pass the virus to others
Symptoms include:
One or more blisters on or around the genitals or rectum.
The blisters break, leaving tender ulcers.
There may also be a second set of sores, fever and swollen glands.
A lot individuals may never have sores, or they may have very mild signs and do not even notice them.
Sores may take two to four weeks to heal the first time they occur.

24. Treatment
There is no cure for Oral or Genital Herpes, but medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks during the period of time the person takes the medication.

25. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) & Genital Warts
Transmission:
Spread through genital contact.
It may be spread without having intercourse.

26. Signs & Symptoms Most HPV infections have no signs or symptoms
Most infected persons do not know that they are infected, but can still transmit the virus to a sex partner.
HPV can cause Genital Warts.
Genital warts usually appear as soft, moist, pink, or flesh-colored swellings, usually in the genital area.

27. Cancer & HPV
HPV may also lead to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis.
Treatment
There is no cure.
Visible genital warts caused by HPV can be removed.
There is now a vaccine that may prevent cervical cancer caused from a few strains of HPV.

28. Hepatitis B A disease that impairs liver function.
Transmitted through:
Sexual intercourse- (semen and vaginal fluids)
Urine
Blood

29. Signs & Symptoms Infected individuals do not always show symptoms.
Possible symptoms include:
Flu like symptoms, high fever, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain
Yellowing of the whites of the eyes and possibly the skin (jaundice).

30. Treatment
People who have had Hepatitis B have a greater chance of getting liver cancer.
No cure, but sometimes virus goes away on its own
Many states require students to get the 3-part vaccine

31. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Virus that destroys the immune system.
The virus that causes AIDS
How do people get HIV?
Through vaginal or anal intercourse or oral-genital contact (ORAL SEX) with an infected person.
Through sharing drug needles or other contact with blood
NOT transmitted through kissing, hugging,
or sharing dishes.
People who have the virus I their bodies are said to have HIV infection or be HIV-positive. HIV kills cells in the immune system that protect the body from disease. In time, the damage to the immune system is severe enough to result in symptoms or illness. This usually takes many years.
For this reason, people who have HIV often look and feel quite healthy. In fact, as many as 1 in 4 of the people in this country who have HIV do not realize it. Even when a person with HIV looks and feels fine, however, he or she can pass the virus on to others.

32. AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV destroys the ability of the immune system to fight disease
How do people get AIDS?
Eventually the HIV virus causes serious damage to the immune system and the person’s body cannot fight off infections and diseases that it normally could recover from.
People with HIV are diagnosed with AIDS when they meet certain criteria in laboratory tests, or are diagnosed with specific diseases. These circumstances only occur when the virus has caused significant damage to the immune system.
The symptoms of AIDS vary. Some people with AIDS are quite ill, while others have periods of apparent good health alternating with episodes of illness. Some people with AIDS feel good most or all of the time.
The course of illness also varies. A few people become severely ill as little as a year or 2 after becoming infected with HIV. It’s more common for people to develop serious illness after about 10 years of infection. There are also a few individuals who have had HIV infection for over 20 years without developing serious illness.

33. STI Prevention What does prevention mean? To keep from happening.
How can we prevent STIs?
Do not come in contact with the four (4) fluids.
Blood
Breast milk
Seminal fluid
Vaginal fluid

34. STI Prevention Abstinence – (Abstain) To not have sexual intercourse.
This is the ONLY 100% proven effective way to prevent transmission of STIs.
Do not share drug needles or syringes.

35. STI Prevention
If you are sexually active, the BEST (but not perfect) way to protect yourself and your partner is to use a new condom (or dental dam) EVERY TIME during oral, vaginal, and anal sex.
If you are sexually active, you should ask your doctor to test you for STIs at least once a year, even in you have no symptoms.