1. Kingdom Protista
Images: Wikipedia

2. Lesson Objectives Learning Goals Minds ON activity
Yesterday’s Recap (Take up of Viruses in the Media for Period 2)
Protista lesson / Hand-out
Malaria hand-out
Exit card

3. Learning Goals We are / will be learning to…
Analyze the risks and benefits of human intervention (e.g. pesticide use, fish stocking, tree planting, antibiotic use and creation etc.)
Analyze how climate change could impact the diversity of living things (e.g. Global warming, increase in precipitation)
Become familiar with terms such as: species diversity, structural diversity, bacteria, fungi, binomial nomenclature, morphology
Classify, apply, and draw dichotomous keys to identify and classify organisms according to kingdom
Explain concepts of taxonomic rank such as genus, species and taxon
Compare/contrast characteristics of prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses
Compare/contrast anatomical and physiological characteristics of organisms representative of each kingdom
Explain structural and functional changes of organisms as they have evolved over time
Explain why biodiversity is important for maintaining viable ecosystems

4. Minds ON
A different way to look at the Kingdom Protista! (YouTube) 3:11 duration

5. Yesterday’s Recap Meet Your Microbes: TED Talk: Microbe Cloud
Bacterial Cultures Lab: Expectations
Viruses in the News

6. Yesterday’s Recap Continued…
RNA/DNA Question from Fri. – check out this site:
A handy table about the main differences between the Lytic and Lysogenic cycles (source: Biology 11, pg. 403)
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Fate of host DNA after infection of the virus
Takes over host DNA
Becomes part of host DNA
Incubation time in host
Release of new viruses after one generation of host activity
Release of new viruses after several generations of host activity
Onset of viral disease symptoms
Immediate
Delayed

7. What are Protists?
Protista: The Kingdom containing mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms
Protists: eukaryotic, usually single-celled organisms that fall outside the Plant, Fungi or Animal Kingdoms.
Source: Biology 11

8. Comparison of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Organelles/Cell Parts
Cytoplasm contains a watery suspension of ions, enzymes, macromolecules and ribosomes, floating freely inside the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm has suspended membrane-surrounded organelles (for example, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuoles) and ribosomes.
Genetic Material
Genetic material (DNA) is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid, but no membrane separates this region from the rest of the cell.
A “true” nucleus surrounded by a membrane contained DNA. A nucleolus contains RNA.
Metabolism
Chemical reactions to support the work of the cell are carried out throughout the cytoplasm in a suspension of water, ions, large molecules and enzymes
Chemical reactions are carried out in specialized membrane-surrounded organelles (e.g. Respiration in mitochondria, photosynthesis in chloroplasts).
Source: Biology 11

9. Protista Characteristics:
Cell Type: Eukaryotic: nucleus is enclosed in a membrane and organelles
Cell Number: Unicellular: live as single-celled organisms
Habitat: Aquatic (fresh or salt)
Nutrition: Autotrophs / Heterotrophs
Reproduction: Sexual (gamete transfer) or asexual (binary fission)

10. Plant-like Protists Animal-like Protists Fungi-Like Protists
Three Protista Groups
Plant-like Protists
Animal-like Protists
Fungi-Like Protists

11. Plant-Like Protists Contain chlorophyll (autotrophs)
Can also absorb nutrients in the dark (heterotrophs) - Euglenoids
Most plantlike protists reproduce asexually by MITOSIS.
Euglena

12. Plant Like Protists 24,000 species Types: Euglenoids:
-species has been classified as animal-like and plant-like (they contain characteristics of both groups)
-heterotrophic and autotrophic because they photosynthesize during day, but can feed on organic matter at night.
Algae:
-plant-like due to the presence of chloroplast that contain chlorophyll.
-can be single or multicellular.
-6 main types (3 of them include diatoms, dinoflagellates, and green algae) (refer to pg in text)
So they’re not plants?
-No, they are protists because they are all marine, so they do not have terrestrial plant adaptations such as rigid cell walls.

13. Animal-like Protists Heterotrophs (engulf or absorb food)
Reproduce asexually by BINARY FISSION or sexually by CONJUGATION
Occupy a diverse range of moist habitats.
Locomotion: cilia or flagella
Sporozoans and Malaria (see handout)
Amoeba – Feeds by Phagocytosis

14. Animal Like Protists
Some protists ingest nutrients from surroundings (protozoans). This makes them “animal like”.
Zooflagellates:
-Possess 1 or more flagella (flagellum); live as heterotrophs, either through feeing on other protists or as parasites (e.g. Giardia or “beaver fever” in humans)
Amoebas:
-No set body shape; use cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods to move and feed; use endocytosis to feed or engulf organism with pseudopods; some amoebas are parasitic (e.g. Entamoeba)
Ciliates:
-protozoans covered in cilia; pellicle is the rigid outer covering that maintains their shape; feed through the sweeping of particles into oral groove (e.g. Paramecium)
Sporozoans:
-non-motile, parasitic; produce spores during asexual phase (e.g. Plasmodium, sporozoan responsible for Malaria; complicated lifecycle)

15. Malaria Parasite’s Life Cycle: Plasmodium

16. Malaria Parasite’s Life Cycle: Plasmodium

17. Malaria Parasite’s Life Cycle: Plasmodium

18. Malaria Parasite’s Life Cycle: In Humans and Mosquitos
(YouTube)
7min duration

19. Fungi-like Protists Also referred to as Slime Moulds
Prefer cool, shady, moist places and are usually found under fallen leaves or on rotting logs.
Most fungi-like protists reproduce sexually through meiosis and SPORE FORMATION

20. Fungi Like Protists
Heterotrophic decomposers that feed on dead animals and plants through endocytosis.
Three major phyla:
Accelluar slime moulds
Plasmodium most of its life (mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei that have divided many times through MITOSIS); Pseudopodia allows it to stream over objects; if food runs out, it produces fruiting bodies which produce spores through MIOSIS
Cellular slime moulds
Live in freshwater, damp soil or decaying matter (dead trees); when in feeding cycle, they exist as amoeba but when food is scarce, they come together as a multicellular mass and release fruiting bodies.
Water moulds
Most live in water, some live on land; feed on remains of dead animals. Few land species are serious plant parasites that attack crops.

21. Exit Card
A gardener starts using a new type of insecticide in her flower garden. After a while, the bees who generally frequent the area start to go down in number. Briefly explain what you think is happening and how it will affect the overall diversity of the plants in the garden?