1. SUBPART G, O, and W Signs, Mechanized Equipment and Rollover Georgia Institute of Technology Presented By: Thomas Dean (404) 894-8083

2. Objectives Discuss the most frequently violated OSHA standards. Increase awareness of potential hazards that may exist on construction sites. Identify safe work practices that can implemented to reduce or eliminate exposure to hazards.

3. 2002 Most Frequently Cited 1926.201(g)(1) Traffic signs at point of hazard (42 Violations) 1926.201(a)(4) Flag person-warning garments (42 Violations) 1926.201(a)(1) Flag person/traffic control (20 Violations) 1926.201(g)(2) Traffic Control Signs/Devices- Requirements (17 Violations)

4. Accident Prevention Signs 1926.200(a) Signs and symbols must be visible at all times while work is being performed Promptly removed or covered when hazard no longer exists

5. Accident Prevention Signs Numerous signs on the market such as the following: Danger Caution Safety First Notice

6. Danger Signs 1926.200(b) (b)(1) Used only where immediate danger is present that could result in death or serious injury Removed or covered when hazard no longer exists

7. Danger Signs 1926.200(b) (b)(2) Danger signs shall have red as the predominating color for the upper panel with; black outline on the border; and white lower panel for additional wording

8. Caution Signs 1926.200( c ) (1) Caution Signs shall be used to caution against unsafe practices (2) Shall have yellow as the predominate color; black upper panel/border; and yellow lower panel

9. Safety Instruction Sign 1926.200(e) Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be white with green upper panel with white letters to convey principal message all other letters in black

10. General Information (Other Types of Signs) General information signs are generally blue Used to indicate general safety rules Not to be used as substitute for danger or caution signs

11. Exit Signs-1926.200(d) Must have legible red letters (six inches high) White field Stroke of letters must be.75 inch wide

12. Traffic Signs-1926.200(g) (1) Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point of hazard (2) All traffic control signs or devices used for the protection of workers must conform with MUTCD for Streets and Highways Changes effective December 2002.

13. Traffic Signs-1926.200(g) OSHA currently issued a final notice on September 12, 2002 that all signals, signs, and barricades used to protect highway workers are to comply with: Part VI of the 1988 MUTCD with 1993 revisions or the Millennium Edition of MUTCD (instead of the current ANSI D6.1- 1971 standard/1971 MUTCD).

14. What is the MUTCD? Defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all streets and highways Set forth by Federal Highway Administration

15. MUTCD Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices Published by DOT Millennium Edition Chapter 6 -- Temporary Traffic Control

16. Elements of Work Zone Safety The main provisions that need to be addressed in work zone safety include: High-visibility clothing Traffic control devices Work-zone protection plans Law-enforcement and public awareness Worker training

17. Training of Workers All workers should be trained in how to reduce vulnerability when working near traffic. Workers having specific traffic control responsibility should be trained in temporary traffic control techniques, devices, and placement.

18. High Visibility Clothing Not specifically mentioned in Protective Equipment (PPE) standards (1910.132 & 1926.95) No specific requirement in MUTCD only references requirement for flag person, suggests use by others

19. How to Choose a Vest There is an ANSI standard on vests (ANSI 107-1999) Passed June 1999 Voluntary standard Incorporated into some state rules (WA, MN)

20. Rationale of ANSI 107 Specifies performance standards for materials and clothing design Classifies garments according to risk categories of wearer Risk category defines garment design criteria

21. Design Principles Must have 360 degree visibility! Orange, red-orange, or yellow-green fluorescent background Higher hazard class requires more area of background & reflective trim

22. Class I Activities Worker can give full and undivided attention Ample separation of pedestrian and traffic Background not complex Speeds don’t exceed 25 mph Example-Sidewalk maintenance

23. Class II Activities Greater visibility during inclement weather Complex backgrounds Tasks divert attention Vehicle /equipment between 25-50 mph Work in or near vehicle traffic Example:Road Const., Utility Worker, Surveys

24. Class III Activities Workers exposed to traffic >50 mph Pedestrian worker and vehicle operator have high task loads Wearer must be conspicuous through the full range of body motions at a minimum of 390 m (1/4 mile) and must be identifiable as a person Roadway construction Utility workers Survey crews Emergency response personnel Class 3 Conspicuity requirements cannot be met with a conventional vest alone

25. Types of Traffic Control Devices Signage Variable Message Signs (VMS) Arrow Boards Channeling Devices

26. Accident Prevention Tags 1926.200(h) (1) Temporary means to warn employees of an existing hazard (defective tools, equipment) Not a substitute for signs (2)(I) ANSI Z35.1-1968 and Z35.2-1968 (Specifications for Accident Prevention Tags) contain rules that must be complied with by the employer

27. Accident Prevention Tags 1926.200(h)(2) BackgroundSafety ColorsCopy Specification WhiteRedDo not Operate WhiteBlack and RedDanger YellowBlackCaution WhiteBlackOut of Order

28. Examples of Accident Prevention Tags

29. Signaling-1926.201(a) (1) When operations are such that signs, signals, or barricades do not provide necessary protection, Flagmen or other appropriate traffic control devices shall be provided (2) Millennium Edition of MUTCD (instead of the current ANSI D6.1-1971 standard/1971 MUTCD).

30. Signaling-1926.201(a) (3) Hand signaling shall be by the use of square flags or sign paddles with 6 inch letters, and in period of darkness red lights Uniform Manual on Traffic Control Devices: Signals- paddles, flags for emergencies (4) Flagman must wear orange or red garments (yellow or yellow-green vest are acceptable) (retro reflective at night)

31. Barricades-1926.202 Barricades for the protection of employees must comply with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (soon to be millennium edition, MUTCD)

32. Subpart G, Most Frequently Cited 1926.602(a)(9)(ii) No reverse alarm signal on earthmoving equipment 1926.602(c)(1)(vi) Industrial trucks not in compliance with ANSI B56.1-1969 1926.602(c)(1)(vii)(A) Safety Platforms 1926.602(c)(1)(vii) Unauthorized rider- Industrial Trucks

33. Statistics 120 fatalities in Construction in 2002. Struck by accidents were the leading cause of fatalities in 2002. Highway and Street Construction experienced the highest number of fatalities, within the General Contractors group, with 13 (28% of 46). The highest number of fatalities came during highway/roadway projects (12). Two-thirds (8) of these fatalities occurred in paving operations.

34. Motor Vehicles and Mechanized Equipment 1926.600 General Requirements (a)(1) All motor vehicles left unattended at night must have lights or reflectors and barricades with lights to identify location (a)(2) A safety tire rack, or cage shall be provided when mounting, inflating, or demounting tires on split rims or locking rings

35. Motor Vehicles and Mechanized Equipment 1926.600 General Requirements (a)(3)(i) Heavy machinery or parts that are held aloft shall be blocked or cribbed before employees are allowed to work around or under them (a)(3)(ii) Equipment parked on inclines shall have parking brake set and wheels chocked

36. Motor Vehicles and Mechanized Equipment 1926.600 General Requirements (a)(4) The use and care of batteries shall conform with subpart K which requires: unsealed batteries in well vented room floors acid resistant construction use of appropriate PPE Safety shower/eyewash and spill kit

37. Motor Vehicles and Mechanized Equipment 1926.600 General Requirements (a)(5) All cab glass shall be safety glass or equivalent and no visible distortions (a)(6) All equipment in the vicinity of overhead power lines must comply with 1926.550(a)(15)

38. Using Equipment Near Power Lines 1926.550(a)(15) Equipment must be at minimum of 10 feet away from power lines ( plus 0.4 inch for each kV over 50 kV. Precautions must be taken when working around overhead power lines that include: Use of insulating materials (guards) Proximity devices

39. Motor Vehicles-1926.601 (a) Applies to off road jobsite vehicles (b)(1) Braking systems (service, emergency, and parking) must be operable (b)(2)(i) Lights dependent upon visibility as needed (minimum: head/tail lights) (ii) Operable brake lights (b)(4) Audible warning device (may include back up alarm or spotter)

40. Motor Vehicles-1926.601 (b)(5) Cabs must have windshield/wipers (b)(6) Cab shield or canopy (b)(7) Tools and equipment secured (b)(8) Employee transportation: seats/belts (b)(9) Belts must meet DOT requirements for seat belts and anchorage (b)(10) Dump bodies must have support and able to lock to prevent accidental tripping

41. Motor Vehicles-1926.601 (b)(11) Operating levers to dump/hoist equipped with latch (b)(12) Trip handles arranges to maintain clearance of operators (b)(13) Fenders for rubber tire equipment (in some cases mud flaps accepted).

42. Vehicle Inspections (b)(14) Inspections are required at each shift. Inspect brake, tires, horn, steering, seating, operating and safety devices. Additional items: lights, reflectors, wipers and fire ext.

43. Earthmoving Equipment 1926.602 (a)(1) Equipment includes: scrapers, loaders, tractors,bulldozers, graders and similar (2) Seat belts (Society of Auto Engineers) (3) Access and grade must be safe (4) Brakes must hold the full load (5) Fenders to prevent hazard from material (6) ROPS (9) Audible alarm and reverse alarm (bi- directional)

44. Excavating Equipment- 1926.602(b) (1) Seat belts are required on all tractors (2) The safety requirements of Power Shovel Association 1, 2, 3 shall apply.

45. Lifting Equip.-1926.602( c ) (1)(i) Must adhered to load capacity and post it (ii)Modifications have to be approved (viii) Lifting personnel requires: * Safety platform secured, power shut off, and falling object protection (d) Training as required in 1910.178(l)

46. Forklift Training Requirements 29 CFR 1910.178(l) Employer shall ensure that each operator is competent as demonstrated through training and evaluation Training is required initially and refresher training every three years Training must be certified in writing

47. Forklift Training Requirements 29 CFR 1910.178(l) Training must be combination of formal instruction, practical training (demonstrations), and evaluation. Training must include: truck related topics (instructions, differences, controls, engine operation, steering, visibility, capacity, stability, inspection, refueling, and limitations

48. Forklift Training Requirements 29 CFR 1910.178(l) Workplace related topics must include: surface conditions, composition of loads, manipulation, pedestrian traffic, narrow aisles, hazardous locations, ramps, and closed environments and unique conditions. Requirements of the standard

49. Pile Driving Equipment 1926.603(a) Boiler and piping system (ASME, Boiler 1) Safety chains to prevent line thrashing Two shut off valves (one lever type) Maintain stability of rigs (i.e.: guys) Designated person for signals

50. Pile Driving Equipment 1926.603(a) Keep clear during hoist and blowout Access pits need to have ladders and curbs Stop blocks must be provided to prevent contact with head block

51. Pile Driving Equipment 1926.603 Guards to prevent cables from jumping out of sheaves Overhead protection must not interfere with vision and be 2 inch planking or equivalent Engineers and winch men shall accept signals only from designated signalman

52. Site Clearing-1926.604 (a)(2) Equipment must have rollover guards and overhead and rear canopy guards (a)(1) Protection from toxic plants

53. 1926.605 Marine Operations (a)(1) Material Handling covered under 1918 (b)(1) Ramps for vehicles must be adequate to access to barges (secured) and gangways must be illuminated with no obstructions (c)(1) Decks must be safe for passage

54. Marine Ops./Equipment 1926.604(d) Provisions for rendering first aid must comply with subpart D. Coast Guard approved 30” life ring with at least a 90’ of line and a ladder must be provided. Coast guard approved vest near edges (e) Diving operations must comply with 1910.401-441.

55. Subpart W, Most Commonly Cited 1926.1000(b) Not providing ROPS on equipment after 9/1/ 72 1926.1000(e) Labeling of ROPS

56. Application This section applies to the following types of material handling equipment: To all rubber-tired, self-propelled scrapers, rubber- tired front-end loaders, rubber-tired dozers, wheel-type agricultural industrial tractors, crawler tractors, crawler-type loaders, and motor graders, with or without attachments, that are used in construction work

57. Subpart W, ROPS-1926.1000 Meet criteria in 1926.1001 and 1002 If removed, replacement bolts must at least equivalent to the original ROPS labeling (manufacturer, model, and designated model to fit) Other requirements accepted for: State of California, Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Department of Interior

58. Labeling Requirements Each ROPS shall have the following information permanently affixed to the structure: Manufacturer or fabricator's name and address; ROPS model number, if any; Machine make, model, or series number that the structure is designed to fit.