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Published byElijah Alexander Modified over 8 years ago
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Conscious and unconscious movements- how we move and how we control those movements MOVEMENT
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Any movement within your body, either conscious or not, in response to a stimulus from the external environment or from a need noticed inside your body Voluntary movement- movement of skeleton Involuntary movement- digestion, heartbeat, breathing
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SYSTEMS INVOLVED Skeletal system Provides structural support for body Muscular system Moves bones (and others) to put body into desired positions
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SKELETAL SYSTEM Protecting your body
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SKELETAL SYSTEM System of bones and cartilage protecting your body and your vital organs while producing and storing blood
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JOINTS- WHERE BONES CONNECT Cartilaginous- bones connected by cartilage- cushions, but only allows slight movement Fibrous- non-moveable- thin layer connects bones Synovial- allows free movement- often have a meniscus to absorb shock between the joints
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EXAMPLES Cartilaginous- lower ribs Fibrous- skull bones Synovial- knee, shoulder, hip, fingers
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LAYERS OF BONE Bone has three main layers Periosteum- Outer surface of bone. Connects to ligaments and tendons Compact bone- makes up outer portion under periosteum. A solid hard layer Spongy bone- inner part of bone, matrix of material with many gaps
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LAYERS OF BONE
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PARTS OF A BONE Epiphysis- top and bottom of bone, where connects to other bones Diaphysis- the “shaft” of the bone, thinner
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BONE CELLS Osteocytes- small cells within the bone- many together make compact bone Osteoblasts- create bone tissue Osteoclasts- break down bone tissue
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MARROW Cells active in the spongy section of the bone- Work in making both red and white blood cells Yellow marrow/pink marrow
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TYPES OF MUSCLE Skeletal Muscle- attached to bones- directly moves body parts Smooth Muscle- line many organs- involuntary Cardiac Muscle- only in heart- pumps heart
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MOVEMENT OF YOUR SKELETON- CONNECTIONS Tendons- connect muscle to bone When muscle contracts, pulls bone Ligaments- bone to bone Holds bones together
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TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Cellular Respiration Takes oxygen and glucose, makes ATP ATP used to make muscles contract Muscles and other organs we’ve discussed Lungs/diaphragm Intestines/smooth muscle lining
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION In Mitochondria Glucose broken down Bonds in glucose turned into ATP Useable energy Remaining carbon from glucose exhaled as carbon dioxide
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When it is time for your cells to contract, they must use chemical energy in the form of ATP Adenosine TRIphosphate- one P is removed making ADP (adenosine Diphosphate). The energy from the P bond results in energy for movement
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Actin and myosin Actin and myosin are proteins within a muscle Actin attaches to the myosin’s “head”, and gets pulled ATP is used, causing myosin to rebind further down the actin and pull again
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The myosin contraction causes the actin to “slide” along the myosin strands, pulling the muscle This is a muscle contraction
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As myosin pulls, the muscle becomes shorter, or contracts There are two types of muscle- Flexors- shorten causing a two bones to bend Extensors- shorten pulling the bones straight
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ORGANS RELYING ON MUSCLES Intestines Muscles contract to cause food to be pushed through Blood vessels/capilaries Muscles contract to open/close blood vessels
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