4. Much of Medieval art appears unconcerned with the accurate representation of reality. Much of Medieval art appears unconcerned with the accurate representation of reality.

5. This art serves more to reveal the underlying religious Truth, as understood by the artist and/or his/her patron, rather than to reflect reality as we know it on a daily basis.

6. Many Renaissance scholars looked to the past for inspiration. They studied the works of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

7. that valued innovation in this world. that valued innovation in this world. rather than looking forward to the next world after death. rather than looking forward to the next world after death. In the works of the classics they found a spirit similar to theirs.

8. Humanists believed that by studying the classics, they could understand people and the world better. One humanist wrote, “To each species of creature has been allotted a peculiar and instinctive gift. To horses galloping, to birds flying, comes naturally. To man only is given the desire to learn.”

9. I. Why in Italy at this Time? Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy The Pope and lords competing for control of Italy were losing influence The Pope and lords competing for control of Italy were losing influence Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe

10. I. Why in Italy at this Time? Crusades creates a desire for trade goods from the Middle East Northern Italian traders will satisfy this need Fall of Constantinople Christian scholars leave Greece for Italy

11. Banking and Credit established Record Keeping Knights Templar Crusader warrior monks who swore to protect pilgrims journeying to the Holy Land Develop huge network of Knights and Templar houses throughout Europe Amass a huge fortune Travelers would turn in their money in exchange for a cryptic note Whenever the traveler needed money, he went to a Templar house and presented the note The Knight would withdraw the money and rewrite the balance in code on the note

12. II. European Economic Recovery Dramatic recovery of European commerce Dramatic recovery of European commerce Important industries flourish in Northern Italy Important industries flourish in Northern Italy The significance of printing and mining as new industries The significance of printing and mining as new industries The fifteenth-century banking empire of the Medici family in Florence The fifteenth-century banking empire of the Medici family in Florence

13. III. Renaissance Economics Profit-making became more important than Church doctrine Profit-making became more important than Church doctrine To overcome guilt, profit- makers indulge in philanthropy To overcome guilt, profit- makers indulge in philanthropy Influence of guilds declining Influence of guilds declining High profits led to economic diversification High profits led to economic diversification

14. III. Renaissance Economics (cont) “Cottage Industry” “Cottage Industry” Art became the way to advertise economic success Art became the way to advertise economic success Intensified commercial competition created the need to be efficient Intensified commercial competition created the need to be efficient

15. V. Renaissance Politics (cont) Niccolo Machiavelli (1469- 1527) Niccolo Machiavelli (1469- 1527) -- “The Prince” The goal of the prince must be power The goal of the prince must be power Cynical view of human nature Cynical view of human nature Fear is a better motivator than affection Fear is a better motivator than affection Politics as the art of deception Politics as the art of deception

16. V. Renaissance Politics Same pattern and problems as those of the Greek city- states Same pattern and problems as those of the Greek city- states Inter-city warfare led to new advances in diplomacy Inter-city warfare led to new advances in diplomacy -- “balance of power” Northern Italian “communes” Northern Italian “communes” The Peace of Lodi (1454) The Peace of Lodi (1454)

17. Social Class Nobility Land owning aristocracy have owned land for generations Live in the countryside Peasants work the land Have the right past Merchants New Rich who make $$$ via trade Mucho Dinero! Nobility hates the Merchant class Because they think they are just as cool as the nobility Merchants want to protect their wealth Enter government Marry into the nobility Show common people how cool they are Commission and donate works of art to their cities Fountains Statues Frescoes Play writes

18. Social Class Artisans Cobblers, Coopers, smiths, shopkeepers Workers No skill At the mercy of your boss If he did not feel like paying you, you were not paid Better than being a peasant!

21. Donatello was an Italian sculptor, from Florence, in the later Middle Ages.

22. He brought a new flexibility and humanity to his statues.

23. Not all there? Donatello was also one of the first premadonna’s of modern times Donatello was also one of the first premadonna’s of modern times He would demand certain accommodations He would demand certain accommodations Instead of being told what to do He was so passionate about his statues that he would smash them rather than sell them to ignorant clients. He was so passionate about his statues that he would smash them rather than sell them to ignorant clients. He was also seen yelling at his sculptures as he worked on them He was also seen yelling at his sculptures as he worked on them Yelling “SPEAK, DAMN YOU SPEAK!”

26. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in the village of Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in the village of Vinci. Leonardo began his career working for a master painter in Florence. Leonardo began his career working for a master painter in Florence. By 1478, Leonardo left his master and set up his own workshop. By 1478, Leonardo left his master and set up his own workshop.

27. The most famous painting in the world. Mona Lisa is famous for her facial expression and the subtlety of the transitions of tone and color. Many researchers have tried to explain why the smile is seen so differently by people. The explanations range from scientific theories about human vision to curious supposition about Mona Lisa's identity and feelings.

28. His Last Supper shows clearly the different feelings of Jesus and his followers.

29. Medieval depictions focused on the message of the work itself. Medieval depictions focused on the message of the work itself. Christian artists depicted a somber event that emphasized the piety of the participants Christian artists depicted a somber event that emphasized the piety of the participants As indicated by the halos around Jesus and his disciples. As indicated by the halos around Jesus and his disciples.

30. A opposed to Pastaferianism

31. Leonardo brought humanity to this event by showing the disciples conversing as if they were at dinner…which they were.

32. He would sketch real people as examples for his artwork.

33. Leonardo was truly a “Renaissance Man,” skilled in many fields. Leonardo was truly a “Renaissance Man,” skilled in many fields. He was a scientist and an inventor as well as an artist. He was a scientist and an inventor as well as an artist. He made notes and drawings of everything he saw. He made notes and drawings of everything he saw.

34. Leonardo invented clever machines, and even designed imitation wings that he hoped would let a person fly like a bird.

37. Michelangelo Buonarroti of Florence was one of the greatest artists of all time. Michelangelo was a “Renaissance Man” of many talents. Michelangelo was a “Renaissance Man” of many talents. He was a sculptor, a painter, and an architect. He was a sculptor, a painter, and an architect.

38. Michelangelo’s paintings cover the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the building where new popes have been selected for more than five hundred years. Michelangelo’s paintings cover the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the building where new popes have been selected for more than five hundred years.

39. Michelangelo’s painting illustrates the Book of Genesis, with scenes that span from the Creation to the Flood.

40. Michelangelo felt that he was a more developed sculptor than a painter, but he accepted the offer. The project was very difficult. The project was very difficult. Working alone, Michelangelo had to lie on his back atop high scaffolding while he painted the vast ceiling. Working alone, Michelangelo had to lie on his back atop high scaffolding while he painted the vast ceiling.

41. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is one of the world’s most famous paintings, The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is one of the world’s most famous paintings, but not everyone was happy with Michelangelo’s work. but not everyone was happy with Michelangelo’s work. Cardinal Biagio de Cesena noted that the crowd of more than 300 human figures would be more appropriate in a wine shop than in a papal chapel. Cardinal Biagio de Cesena noted that the crowd of more than 300 human figures would be more appropriate in a wine shop than in a papal chapel. Michelangelo responded to this criticism by adding a portrait of Biagio among the figures of the damned in the scene of the Last Judgment. Michelangelo responded to this criticism by adding a portrait of Biagio among the figures of the damned in the scene of the Last Judgment.

44. “ The School of Athens, monumentally immortalizing the great philosophers, is unrivalled in its classic grace.”

45. “While we may term other works paintings, those of Raphael are living things; the flesh palpitates, the breath comes and goes, every organ lives, life pulsates everywhere.”

46. Raphael died of a fever on his 37th birthday. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome. and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.

47. The Renaissance patrons wanted art that showed joy in human beauty and life’s pleasures. The Renaissance patrons wanted art that showed joy in human beauty and life’s pleasures. Renaissance art is more lifelike than in the art of the Middle Ages. Renaissance art is more lifelike than in the art of the Middle Ages. Renaissance artists studied perspective, or the differences in the way things look when they are close to something or far away. Renaissance artists studied perspective, or the differences in the way things look when they are close to something or far away. The artists painted in a way that showed these differences. As a result, their paintings seem to have depth. The artists painted in a way that showed these differences. As a result, their paintings seem to have depth.