2. Genetics and Genetic Engineering terms

3. clones b organisms or cells of nearly identical genetic makeup derived from a single source

4. complementary b containing structures that match or bond with related structures

5. electrophoresis b technique used to separate migrating molecules in an electrical field

6. Expression b the appearance of a trait directed by a gene

7. Codon (Genetic code) b a series of three nucleotide bases that determine the amino acid order and the proteins formed in cell reproduction

8. Transgenic b b a cell or organism that harbors another organism or DNA from a foreign source.

9. Genetic Engineering b technology involved in removing, modifying, or adding genes to a DNA molecule

10. Ligase b enzyme used to join two pieces of DNA

11. Mutation b a heritable change in genetic makeup

12. Nucleotides b building blocks of nucleic acid composed of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base

13. Plasmid b a small, usually circular, piece of DNA that is separate from the chromosomal DNA

14. Polymerase b an enzyme that joins nucleotides to make nucleic acid

15. Recombinant DNA b DNA that has been altered by genetic engineering

16. Restriction enzyme b restriction endonuclease b enzyme that cuts DNA strands at specific sites

17. sequence b order of nucleotides or amino acids

18. template b a pattern used for developing a complementary structure

19. trait b a characteristic resulting from gene expression

20. transform b to change the genetic makeup of an organism by alteration of the DNA

21. vector b an agent such as a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a host cell

22. Complex Organism b higher organism b an organism with cells, tissues, and organs arranged to function as a single unit b ex. Plants, animals, humans

23. cell membrane b delicate structure that surrounds the cell

24. Cytoplasm b cell fluid containing all cell structures

25. Nucleus b control center of a cell b contains most of the DNA

26. Chromosomes b structures that are physical carriers of genes b made up of DNA b are located in cell nucleus

27. Ribosome b site where new proteins are produced b result of genetic expression

28. Genetic engineering b technology involved in removing, modifying, or adding genes to a DNA molecule

29. Genetic engineering b movement of a gene from one organism to another

30. Other names b recombinant DNA technology b recombinant DNA science b gene transfer b gene splicing gene cloning

31. Naturally occurring b alterations in the genetic makeup of plants and animals allow them to respond to changes in their environment

32. Naturally occurring b some bacteria and viruses change the function of cells by inserting their DNA into the DNA of the cell

33. Scientific Gen eng. b Scientists have developed the ability to transfer genetic material from one organism to another

34. Scientific Gen eng. b Plasmids found in some organisms can be engineered to accept DNA from other sources

35. Scientific Gen eng. b Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific sites b cut ends of plasmid rings can accept pieces of DNA from other organisms

36. Scientific Gen eng. b The ability to cut and splice DNA segments is providing many opportunities for changing the function of organisms