1. Population Studies: Migration
Higher Geography
Population Studies:
Migration

2. Key Terms
Migration is ‘a movement’ of people from one home to another. It can be applied to temporary changes, including seasonal and daily movements.
Emigrant is people who leave a country
Immigrant are newcomers to a country
The migration balance is the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants

3. External (international)
Types of Migration
Permanent
External (international)
Internal
Voluntary
Forced
Rural
Urban
Regional
African slaves to USA
UK conurbations
NW to SE UK
West Indies to UK
LEDCs

4. Types of Migration (continued)
Semi-Permanent
Seasonal
Daily
Several months/years
Several years
Commuters
Migrants workers in France/Germany
Harvest/holidays/uni students
SE England

5. International Migration (Voluntary)
People looking for an improved quality of life and personal freedom
Employment (e.g. higher salaries, better job)
Trade and economic expansion
Better climate
Better social amenities (e.g. hospitals, schools)
To be with friends and relatives

7. International Migration (Forced)
There is no personal choice but to move due to natural disaster or to economic or social imposition
Religious and/or political persecution
Wars (refugees)
Forced labour (e.g. slaves or POW)
Racial discrimination
Lack of food due to famine
Natural disasters
Overpopulation

9. Barriers To Voluntary Migration: Lack of money
Lack of awareness of opportunities
Lack of skills
Government restrictions
To returning to Area of Origin:
Insufficient funds
Lower standard of living
Racial or political problems

10. Consequences: for the Migrant
May find better employment
May have a better standard of living
Stressful
May not speak the language
May find gaining employment difficult
Away from family and friends and may feel lonely and isolated

11. Consequences: for the Area of Origin
Less pressure on services and resources
May send money back from host area
Lack of workers (age 20-35) may lead to economic slump
Very few children born
Increasing elderly population
Creates ghost towns
Nobody to do manual work

12. Consequences: for Host country
Plentiful supply of key workers
Increase number of children born (stop underpopulation)
May bring new skills
May depress local wages
Strain on local services
Competition for employment
Racial tension