1. Rapid and uncontrollable development and production of cells.

2. 1.Inheritance may increase risk 2.Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes mutate or become damaged by carcinogens 3.Known carcinogens: Viruses and bacteria Environmental chemicals Tobacco Radiation Dietary factors

3. Conversion begins with a mutation (a change in DNA) by: 1.Chemical 2.Physical 3.Biological Conversion

4. Development and Progression

5. Begins when a chemical substance stimulates growth of a mutated cell Those chemical substances influence a 2 nd stage of carcinogens called promoters. Promoters stimulate cell to divide uncontrollably Metastasis- cancer traveling to other sites; like a forest fire

9. ozone

10. Ozone

11. Screens out 99% of harmful UV light Ozone produced by lightening 1% in ozone will result in a 2% in skin cancer Holes in ozone: Dupont- CFCs: hairspray, refrigerators, air conditioning Which country has the highest rate of skin cancer?

12. CFC’s and Ozone Depletion

13. Sept 2011 Antarctica

14. Sunburn

15. Both UVA and UVB are responsible for photoaging and sunburn. Tanning beds produce both UVA and UVB rays

16. Strong melanoma candidate

17. Melanoma facts From 1996 to 2000, the national average rate for melanoma was 17.5 for every 100,000 people, while the state of Hawaii average was 15.1 cases per 100,000.

18. Fair skin or freckles. Being male. Family or personal history of melanoma. Chronic UV light exposure. Severe sunburns. Unusual moles or a large number of moles. Weak immune system. Factors that may also influence the chance of getting melanoma include

19. ABCDE’s of Skin Cancer

20. Genetic testing Biopsy Blood test X-rays, PET, MRI Visual & tactile observation

21. Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Homeopathy

22. Know family history Get regular medical screenings Learn self-exam techniques Avoid direct sunlight Watch your diet and weight Don’t smoke Drink alcohol in moderation (alcohol decrease heart disease, but increases risk of certain cancers) Become educated

23. Lung Cancer

24. Cells provided: Polio vaccine research into cancer AIDS effects of radiation Effects of toxic substances gene mapping Cervical Cancer Chromosomes: 82 four copies of chromosome 12 three copies of chromosomes 6, 8, and 17 http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57597182/lacks-family-nih-reach-agreement-on-hela-cell-genome-data/

25. Cervical Cancer Vaccine Controversy Michelle Bachmann Bashes HPV vaccine http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2011/09/13/140445104/ pediatricians-fact-check-bachmanns-bashing-of-hpv- vaccine Gardasil Vaccine

26. INQUIRY 1.What do CFC’s do? 2.What is a proto-oncogene? 3.Name 3 carcinogens. 4.What are the ABCD’s of skin cancer? 5.What is the function of ozone? 6.Who is Henrietta Lacks?