1. Read the inner planet WS
The Solar System
Read the inner planet WS

2. Inner Planets WS 1. Mercury 10. Venus & Earth 2. Venus 11. Mercury
4. Mars
5. all
6.Earth
7. Venus
8. Mars
9.Earth. Mars
10. Venus & Earth
11. Mercury
12. Venus
13. Mars, Earth
14. Mars
15.The 4 inner planets with rocky surfaces
16.clockwise “backward” rotation
17. atmosphere traps in heat warming the planet

3. Our solar system has 8 planets!
My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nachos!

4. Vulcanoid Belt A belt of rocky objects between the sun and Mercury.
We do not know with certainty that it exists because it is so close to the sun that glare would make small objects difficult to observe.

5. Planets 4 major criteria are required to be called a planet:
a large body that shines by reflecting sunlight
revolves in a stable orbit around the sun
large enough that its own gravity pulls it into a round shape
Must be dominant enough to clear the area around it

6. Terms to know! AU: distance from the Earth to the sun
Greenhouse Effect:
Atmosphere traps in heat like a blanket.
Thicker atmosphere = greater GH effect=like a thinker blanket
Stabilizes temperature
Rotation:
Spinning
Determines a Day
Revolution -orbit
Revolving around a star
Determines a year
Satellite
Moons
Any object that orbits a planet!

7. Inner / Terrestrial Planets
Which ones are the inner planets?

8. Inner Planets Which ones are the inner planets?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Inner planets are also called terrestrial planets. Why?

9. Inner Planets Which ones are the inner planets?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Inner planets are also called terrestrial planets. Why?
They are made mainly of rock and iron-nickel compounds
Generally smaller in size

10. Only 2 of the inner planets are inferior
Only 2 of the inner planets are inferior. What are the 2 inferior planets?
Inferior planets –
Most are between Sun and Earth
If closer to the sun, it shows phases like the moon!

11. Superior Planets Superior planets – further from the Sun than Earth
always appear full (no phases like the moon)
What are the superior planets?
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn , Uranus & Neptune
Superior – Always Full
Inferior
PHASES

12. The Inner Planets
Also called terrestrial planets

13. Mercury Closest to the sun Many craters with little erosion
Made of the dense metals iron & nickel
Has almost no atmosphere,
very hot during the day (430 C)
very cold at night (-170 C)
Little Greenhouse effect
Has a Magnetic Field
Hard to collect data from Mercury
Mariner 10 (1970s) MESSANGER (now)

14. Mercury Considered an extreme planet Smallest Densest oldest
largest daily variations in surface temperature
least explored.
0.39 AU

15. Venus - Earth’s Twin Planet
similar in:
size
mass
composition
distance from the sun
0.72 AU

16. Why don’t we live on Venus? Here is what is different:
no oceans, has volcanoes
thick clouds that spin rapidly and trap heat on the surface GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Mostly CO2
Hottest surface of all! (460C)
air pressure 90 x greater than Earth

17. What else is different?
Retrograde Rotation:
CLOCKWISE!
Sun rises in the WEST!
Day is 8 months long
Revolution:
Venus’ day is longer than it’s year
7.5 earth months

18. Earth: Goldilocks! Just Right.
71% water
Only planet known to have life
Nitrogen & Oxygen, CO2 and H2O
Nitrogen is used in plants to make protein
Magnetosphere
Protects from solar flares
Magnetic Field
Produced by liquid outer core
1 AU

19. Mars Small rocky and red iron oxide, or rust.
Ice at the poles. Mostly Water & SOME Dry ice!
Used to have liquid water, or ice below the surface.
Largest Volcano in the Solar System
Olympus Mons
Largest Canyon
Valles Marineris -From NY to LA
Has 2 moons- Phobos and Deimos
Rotation: almost the same as Earth
Revolution:687 days in an Martian year
Atmosphere: mostly of carbon dioxide.
Strong Winds
1% the pressure of Earth
Thin atmosphere: 20C to -140C
Mars
1.5 AU

20. Mars
There are currently several probes and satellites around Mars and rovers on Mars
planned mission to send humans to Mars within the next 30 years.
Funding was cut 

21. Asteroid belt ↓

22. Asteroid belt between Mars & Jupiter
thousands of rock fragments that orbit around the sun
Too small to be spherical or clear a path
Largest asteroids have been reclassified; now called Dwarf planets
Ceres!

23. Read the Outer Planet WS answers
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Doesn’t clear its path (other objects in its orbit), not a planet, small and rocky
Large gravity
The sun! (too cold, not nuclear fusion)
Jupiter
Ice and rock
Uranus orbit was a bit off, so must have been influenced by an unseen planet. Predicted!
Does not clear its path
10.The 4 large outer planets. No solid surface, but a solid core.
Diagram order:
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

24. Outer planets
Which planets are included in the outer planets?

25. Outer planets Which planets are included in the outer planets?
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

26. Outer planets Jovian Gas Planets
Which planets are included in the outer planets?
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Made up mostly of frozen hydrogen and helium
Atmospheres can be made of thick layers of methane and ammonia

27. Jupiter Atmosphere: Largest planet Rotation: Day = 9.9 hours
A frozen & liquid “gas” planet
H and He are not gasses here
Great Red Spot:
an ongoing storm “hurricane”
Larger than Earth
Pressure is 30 million times greater
Largest planet
2x mass of all other planets together
Solid core of iron
Rotation: Day = 9.9 hours
Revolution: Year= ~12 Earth yrs
Satellites: 63 moons
Europa might have life under the ice.
Jupiter
5.2 AU

28. Saturn Another gas planet Size- 2nd largest smaller than Jupiter
larger diameter because of rings
Hundreds of Rings
chunks of ice and rocks orbiting
only planet with a density < water
In a huge bathtub what would happen?
Satellites- at least 61 moons!
largest moon- Titan
Larger than Mercury!
atmosphere like early Earth's
Saturn
9.5 AU

29. Saturn’s Rings

30. Hubble telescope picture of auroras occurring on Saturn

31. Outer planets
What does this tell you about Saturn?

32. Uranus Gas Planet Twice as far from the Sun as Saturn
4x Bigger than earth.
27 moons
Rotation: day = 17 hours
Revolution: year = 84 Earth days
Has rings (dark colored)
Appears blue
methane gas in its atmosphere
Axis tilted at a 90° angle, rotating from top to bottom, cosmic collision?
Uranus
19.2 AU

33. Rotation Angles Look at Uranus! Rotates on its side!
Looks like its rolling, not spinning like a top.

34. Centaurs Orbiting between Jupiter & Neptune 9 discovered so far
Unstable orbits; astronomers believe that they are refugees from the Kuiper Belt
Some may become comets

35. Neptune Discovered by mathematical prediction! Atmosphere:
blue -traces of methane gas
Nitrogen ice
Clouds and storms
Winds exceed 1000 Km/hr
Spots – hurricanes
13 moons
Triton -Coldest in solar system= -200C
Retrograde rotation like Venus!
Must have been captured by Neptune’s gravity.
Rotation: 16 hours
Revolution: 164 years to orbit the sun!
Neptune
30 AU

37. Kuiper Belt ↓

38. Kuiper Belt This disk-shaped icy debris 4.5 to 7.5 billion km from sun
Pluto & most dwarf planets
800 objects discovered so far

39. Dwarf Planets New classification occurred in 2006
Orbits around the sun (not a moon)
pulled into a sphere
X Does NOT clear the neighborhood of its orbit

40. Dwarf Planets There are 5 dwarf planets known so far: asteroid belt:
Ceres
Kuiper belt
Pluto
Eris
Makemake
Haumea

41. Oort Cloud spherical cloud surrounding our Solar System.
outer edge of our solar system
comets that streak by the Earth come from it
Sedna –
farthest known object in our solar system
in the oort cloud
¾ size of Pluto,
freezing cold (-400 F)
orbit =10,500 years to go around the Sun!!!!

42. Comets
ice and dust
Least changed objects since the formation of the solar system
5 parts: nucleus, coma, hydrogen cloud, dust tail and ion tail
Only visible when near the sun
Halley’s comet –
visible every 76 years.
Next time we will see it is 2062.

43. Meteorites Meteoroid- chunk of rock and ice debris in space
Meteor- the light given off when it enters into Earth’s atmosphere (shooting star)
Meteorite- impacts the surface (makes craters)

44. Meteorite - Arizona

45. Exoplanets
What does the word exo mean?

46. Exoplanets
What does the word exo mean?
What is an exoplanet?

47. Exoplanets What does the word exo mean? What is an exoplanet?
A planet outside of our solar system
There have been about 528 discovered so far
Some are “goldilocks” planets that may be a lot like Earth.

48. Brown Dwarfs
Failed stars: too big to be a planet, not big enough to have nuclear fusion