1. simplistic (adjective) Variants: simplistically (adverb) Definition: oversimplified; avoiding or ignoring complexities Synonym: unsophisticated, naive Antonym: sophisticated, complicated His simplistic plan for economic improvement failed to account for foreign investment and the GNP.

2. incredulous (adjective) Variants: incredulously (adverb); incredulousness (noun) Definition: unwilling or unable to believe; showing disbelief Synonym: skeptical Antonym: credulous, gullible The politician’s lavish promises provoked incredulous responses rather than the admiration he sought.

3. ascetic (adjective) Variants: ascetically (adverb) Definition: Reflecting self-denial (as in religious discipline); choosing minimal comforts Synonyms: austere, Spartan Antonym: self-indulgent, hedonistic Her modest room reflected the ascetic values she advocated.

4. vicarious (adjective) vicariously (adverb), vicariousness (noun) Definition: Experienced through someone else rather than first hand; endured as substitute for someone else; delegated synonym: second-hand [experience] antonym: actual [experience] Because she loved her son, she found vicarious pleasure in his tremendous successes.

5. allocation (noun) Variants: allocate (verb), allocatable (adjective); allocator (noun) Definition: the act of setting aside for a special purpose; designation Synonym: allotment, apportionment Antonym: abandonment Sentence: The mayor insisted the park district include an allocation of land in order to build a playground. The mayor insisted the parked district allocate land for a playground.

6. admonish (transitive verb) Variants: admonishment (noun) Definition: To caution, criticize, or counsel gently against Synonym: chastise, reproach, rebuke Antonym: approve, commend, praise The anti-tobacco lobbyist admonished the President for his inability to quit smoking.

7. presumptuous (adjective) presumptuously (adv.), presumptuousness (noun) overconfident, excessively forward, taking too much for granted Syn: arrogant Ant: humble, modest Darcy’s presumptuous manner understandably offends Elizabeth Bennet.

8. subversive (adjective,noun) variants: subvert (verb), subversively (adverb) Definition: tending or seeking to subvert, overthrow or destroy (an established government, institution, belief, etc) Synonym: rebellious, disloyal Antonym: loyal, faithful Sentence: The Canadian government—indeed, the majority of Canadian citizens—believed the Nisei to be subversive operatives.

9. vacuous (adjective) Variants: vacuously (adverb) Definition: without contents, empty Synonym: bare, blank, devoid Antonym: full, abundant Sentence: When the class looked at her with vacuous stares, the teacher knew the lesson had failed.

10. avocation (noun) Variants: avocational (adjective) Definition: something a person does in addition to a principal occupation, especially for pleasure Synonym: pastime, hobby Antonym: job, occupation Sentence: Oddly enough, the math teacher’s avocation was the study of Old Norse epics.

11. impetus (noun) Variants: Definition: a moving force; impulse, stimulus Synonym: encouragement, incentive, motivation Antonym: hindrance, block Sentence: Dr. Martin Luther King’s speeches were the impetus behind the civil rights movement.

12. reticent (adjective) Variants: reticently (adverb), reticence (noun) Definition: inclined to keep one’s thoughts and feelings to oneself, secretive, quiet Synonym: reluctant, restrained, reserved Antonym: communicative, forward, unrestrained Sentence: The reticent student hid in the back row, unwilling to participate in the class discussion.

13. physiognomy (noun) Variants: physiognomic (adj), physiognomically (adv) Definition: The features of somebody’s face especially used as indicators of character or temperament. Synonym: aspect, look, visage Antonym: none Sentence: In Great Expectations, Pip is frightened by the convict, for his physiognomy is menacing.

14. insipid (adjective) Variants: insipidness (noun), insipidly (adverb) Definition: without distinctive, interesting, or stimulating qualities Synonym: bland, dull Antonym: exhilarating Sentence: Cauliflower’s insipid taste requires cheese or spices to make it palatable.

15. tedium (noun) Variants: tedious (adjective), tediously (adverb) Definition: quality or condition of being wearisome or boring Synonym: dullness, monotony Antonym: entertainment, excitement, diversion Sentence: In order to take the tedium out of exercise, aerobic instructors rely on loud, exciting music.

16. cajole (verb) Variants: cajolery(noun), cajolingly(adverb) Definition: to persuade by flattery or promises Synonym: wheedle, coax, flatter Antonym: bully, force, repel Sentence: The boy cajoled her into giving him some of her cookies.

17. blasé (adjective) Variants: none Definition: not impressed or worried by something, usually because of previous experience Synonym: unconcerned, nonchalant Antonym: uptight, worried Sentence: Paris Hilton’s blasé attitude towards spending money is typical of the very wealthy: they do not have to worry about paying bills.

18. indolent (adjective) Variants: indolence (n), indolently (adv) Definition: Lethargic and not showing any interest. Also describes a disease that is slow to develop and causes no pain. Synonym: sluggish, apathetic, lazy Antonym: industrious, productive Sentence: It is difficult to move from summer’s indolence to the necessary productivity of the school year.

19. choleric (adjective) Variants: choler (noun)*, cholerically (adverb) *NOT cholera—that’s a disease! Definition: showing or tending to show anger or irritation Synonym: bad-tempered, irascible Antonym: phlegmatic, impassive Sentence: Ivan Ilyich’s choleric manner intimidates his family.

20. phlegmatic (adjective) Variants: phlegmatically (adverb) Definition: unemotional, difficult to excite to action or display of emotion synonym: indifferent, undemonstrative antonym: energetic, lively Sentence: Obasan’s phlegmatic approach to life irritates the crusading Emily.

21. impasse (noun ) Variants: none Definition: predicament from which there is no escape; impassible road or way Synonym: stalemate, deadlock Antonym: progress Sentence: After days of deliberation, the jury reached an impasse, necessitating a new trial.

22. adulation (noun) Variants: adulate (verb) Definition: excessive flattery or adoration Synonym: obsequiousness, sycophancy Antonym: insult, offense Sentence: Robert Pattinson is the object of young girls’ adulation.

23. censure (noun, verb) Variants: censure (transitive verb) Definition: judgment involving condemnation Synonym: rebuke, reproach Antonym: honor, acclamation Sentence: Following the lawyer’s emotional outburst, the judge had no choice but to censure him.

24. dissimulation (noun) Variants: dissimulate (verb), dissimulative (adjective), dissimulator (noun) Definition: act of deceiving/concealing true feelings and intentions synonym: deception, deceit, disguise, dissembling antonym: frankness, honesty, truthfulness Sentence: As he becomes more desperately ill, Ivan Ilyich finds dissimulation more difficult, and his family is frightened by the anger he reveals.

25. droll (adjective) variants: droller, drollest (more adjectives), drolly (adverb) definition: humorous, amusing in an odd way synonym: amusing, clownish, comical antonym: serious sentence: The professor entertained the class with his droll impersonations of literary characters.

26. expectorate (verb) variants: expectoration (noun), expectorant (noun) definition: to expel matter, esp. phlegm synonym: flush out, eject antonym: inject, inhale, consume sentence: The doctor instructed the patient to expectorate regularly to speed healing.

27. surfeit (noun) variants: surfeiter (I have never seen this!) definition: too great an amount or supply; excess; overindulgence, esp. in food or drink synonym: satiate, excess, surplus antonym: deficit, insufficiency sentence: In the child’s opinion, his plate held a surfeit of vegetables.

28. corroborate (trans. verb) variants: corroboration, corroborative, corroborant definition: to make more certain the validity of, confirm, support synonym: confirm, support, substantiate antonym: contradict Sentence: To corroborate the rumor about Malfoy, the trio made a Polyjuice potion.

29. morose (adjective) variants: moroseness, morosely definition: ill-tempered, gloomy, sullen synonym: glum, gloomy, depressed antonym: happy, cheerful sentence: The students were morose when the teacher returned their tests.

30. auspicious (adjective) variants: auspiciously (adv), auspiciousness (n) definition: favored by fortune synonym: fortunate, prosperous antonym: ominous, unfortunate Sentence: The couple was married on 09/09/09, as they believed the date to be an auspicious one.

31. vigilance (noun) variants: vigilant (adjective) vigilantly (adverb) definition: keenly watchful to detect danger; wary synonym: observant, attentive antonym: negligent, careless Sentence: The watchmen needed to remain vigilant to protect their camp from any surprise attacks. The vigilance of the watchmen protected the camp from ambush.

32. recourse (noun) variants: none definition: that which one turns to for help in desperation synonym: refuge, resort antonym: sentence: Is Harry Potter’s only recourse self-sacrifice?

33. equivocal (adjective) variants: equivocalness (n), equivocally (adv), equivocation (n) definition: allowing the possibility of multiple meanings, susceptible to double interpretations synonym: ambiguous, dubious, questionable, suspicious antonym: unquestionable, definite, clear sentence: The politician’s speech was so equivocal, and it made it impossible for the electorate to determine his stance on the issue.

34. dubious (adjective) variants: dubiously (adverb), dubiousness (noun) definition: full of doubt or uncertainty synonym: doubtful, questionable, unsure antonym: certain, definite, sure, trustworthy sentence: He enjoyed the dubious distinction of having the lowest GPA of the graduating class.

35. corporeal (adjective) variants: corporeality (noun); corporeally (adverb) definition: the physical body; material or physical rather than spiritual synonym: bodily, physical antonym: mental, spiritual sentence: The doctor examined the corporeal remains for clues to its identity.

36. chasten (verb) variants: chastener (n) definition: to punish in order to correct or make better; chastise; subdue; refine as to make purer synonym: punish, discipline, correct antonym: commend, praise Sentence: The sadistic headmaster chastened errant students with a leather strap.

37. resolute (adjective) variants: resolutely (adverb), resoluteness (noun) definition: having or showing a fixed, firm purpose; determined; unwavering synonym: faithful, unyielding antonym: uncertain, unsure sentence: The Second Apparition advises Macbeth to be “bloody, bold and resolute” for only a man not of woman born can harm him.

38. languid (adjective) variants: languidness (n), languidly (adv) definition: without vigor or vitality; without spirit or interest synonym: weak; listless; indifferent; sluggish antonym: energetic, lively sentence: His languid movements annoyed the movie director, who envisioned a violent, wild scene.

39. dissolute (adjective) variants: dissolutely(adverb), dissoluteness (noun) definition: dissipated and immoral; debauched synonym: debauched, depraved, degenerate antonym: decent, upright, moral sentence: Svidrigailov’s reputation for dissolute behavior disgusts Raskolnikov.

40. extol (verb) variants: extoller (n); extolment (n) definition: to praise highly; laud synonym: praise, laud, acclaim antonym: disparage, denigrate sentence: Many journalists extol the virtues of our President.

41. amorous (adjective) variants: amorousness (n), amorously (adv) definition: full of love, showing love or sexual desire synonym: passionate, ardent antonym: detached, unloving sentence: The amorous behavior displayed in high school hallways is often disturbing.

42. scrupulous (adjective) variants: [from scruple] scrupulously (adv), scrupulousness (n); definition: extremely careful to do the precisely right, proper or correct thing in every last detail; obsessively hesitant in deciding what is morally right synonym: careful, conscientious, meticulous antonym: careless, rash sentence: The scrupulous student double-checked all his essay’s quotations to avoid plagiarism.

43. ponderous (adjective) variants: ponderously (adverb), ponderousness (noun) definition: very heavy; unwieldy because of weight synonym: heavy, weighty, dull and labored antonym: light sentence: Marley’s Ghost tells Ebenezer Scrooge that the chain Scrooge bears is a ponderous one.

44. brevity (noun) related: brief (adjective), briefly (adverb) definition: the quality of being brief or concise synonym: conciseness, terseness antonym: length sentence: “Brevity is the soul of wit.”

45. deportment (noun) variants: deport (verb) definition: the manner of conducting or bearing oneself synonym: manner, bearing, posture, behavior antonym: none sentence: Because she was a mature 12 year old, the girl’s deportment did not accurately reflect her age.

46. prodigal (adjective) variants: prodigally (adverb), prodigality (noun) definition: exceedingly, recklessly wasteful synonym: wasteful, extravagant antonym: cautious, thrifty sentence: The prodigal shopper saved no money for the gas she desperately needed for her return home.

47. intercession (noun) related: intercede (verb), intercessional (adjective) definition: the act of interceding, pleading or prayer on behalf of another synonym: intervention, mediation antonym: none sentence: The marriage counselor’s intercession was necessary for the fighting couple.

48. solicitous (adjective) variants: solicitously (adverb), solicitude (noun) definition: showing care, attention or concern synonym: attentive, considerate antonym: uncaring, unconcerned sentence: Although it was second semester senior year, she maintained a solicitous attitude towards her grades.