1. Participle clauses

2. There are 3 types of participle clause
Past participle Being Taken
Perfect participle Having decided Taken
Present participle Having decided Being

3. A/ Past participle clauses Example :
1.- Faced with an angry bull, John decided to jump over the wall.
Because he was faced with ... (Consequence)
2.- Founded 20 years ago, the club is more popular today than ever before.
The club, which was founded 20 years ago, is more ...(Relative clause)

4. Can you rewrite these sentences with a past participle clause?
Because she was pleased with the children’s behaviour, she bought them all an ice cream. = Pleased with the children’s behaviour ...
The new cinema, which is located in the city centre, is very popular = Located in the city centre, the new cinema ...

5. 2/ Perfect participle clauses Example :
Having finished his homework, he went to watch television. After he had finished his homework ... (Time)
Having been told the answers in advance, he did very well in the exam. (Consequence) Because he had been told ...

6. Can you rewrite these sentences with a perfect participle clause?
Because he had been late for work twice, he decided to catch an earlier train.
Having been late for work ...
After he had completed the marathon, he went home and rested for what was left of the day.
Having completed the marathon ...

7. 3/ Present participle clauses Example :
Arriving at the bus stop, we saw an enormous queue.
When we arrived at the bus stop, ... (Time)
Not having any money, I decided to stay at home. (Consequence)
Because I didn’t have any ...

8. Can you rewrite these sentences with a present participle clause?
As he looked over his shoulder, he saw the police chasing him. ..
Because
Looking over his shoulder he saw the broken glass on the floor, he realised that they had been burgled.
Seeing the broken glass ...

9. That’s it ! They weren’t that bad, Were they?