1. Objectives: List the major theories of personality theory.
Define personality.
List the major theories of personality theory.
Explain why personality theories are useful.

2. A person’s pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.
What is personality?
A person’s pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

3. a person’s broad, long-lasting YOUR UNIQUE PERSONAL STYLE
Personality is…
a person’s broad, long-lasting
patterns of behavior;
YOUR UNIQUE PERSONAL STYLE
set of ways we are
“born” with
habits acquired
as we grow &
mature
predisposed
temperament
character
combination of
develop over
a lifetime
tendencies
experiences
physical basis
social environment
influences

4. Theorists
Discover patterns in the ways people behave
2. Explain the differences between individuals
3. Explore how people conduct their lives

5. Types of Personalities
Type A
Type B
Feel time pressure.
Easily angered.
Competitive and ambitious.
Work hard and play hard.
More prone to heart disease than rest of population.
Relaxed and easygoing.
But some people fit in neither type.

7. Some concepts that may be important to you in the way you think about your own personality and the personalities of the people around you.
Psychoanalytical Cognitive Behavioral Humanistic
Neurobiological Sociocultural
____external environment
____temperament
____interpretation of experience
____conscious awareness
____childhood experiences
____rewards and punishments
____abilities
____organizations of reality
____ the self
____ unconscious motives
____ observable behavior
____ enduring characteristics
____ expectations
____ subjective feelings
____ sexual instincts
____external environment
____temperament
____interpretation of experience
____conscious awareness
____childhood experiences
____rewards and punishments
____abilities
____organizations of reality
____ the self
____ unconscious motives
____ observable behavior
____ enduring characteristics
____ expectations
____ subjective feelings
____ sexual instincts
Think about each item and check the three items that are most important to your view of human personality.
????

8. A person’s general style of interacting with the world
Why test personality?
standardization
A person’s general style of interacting with the world
People differ from one another in ways that are relatively consistent over time and place
“graded” the same for everyone
establishing norms
the majority; patterns of answers
validity & reliability
Does the test measure what it is suppose to
& are the results consistent?
TYPES OF
TESTS:
Aptitude & Achievement Tests
Vocational Interest Tests
Projective Tests
ETHICAL?

9. Aptitude & Achievement Tests
measure how much students have already learned.
These tests help children measure their current knowledge and skills
measure a student's ability to learn.
These tests help teachers and parents predict how well a student is likely to do in school.

10. Vocational Interest Tests
Vocational testing can be particularly useful for adolescents, young adults, and persons contemplating a mid-life career change.
Such an assessment examines which occupations best fit with an individual's abilities, interests, and personality.
Many vocational interest tests use the Holland codes, which group interests into six categories:
REALISTIC (outdoors and hands-on occupations)
INVESTIGATIVE (scientific)
ARTISTIC (creative)
SOCIAL (counseling and teaching)
ENTERPRISING (management and sales)
CONVENTIONAL (clerical)

11. used to assess personality (e.g., Rorschach or TAT tests)
Projective Tests
used to assess personality (e.g., Rorschach or TAT tests)
How? provides ambiguous stimuli and subject projects his or her motives into the ambiguous stimuli
In many cases, therapists use these tests to learn qualitative information about a client. Some therapists may use projective tests as a sort of icebreaker to encourage the client to discuss issues or examine thoughts and emotions.
While projective tests have some benefits, they also have a number of weaknesses and limitations. For example, the respondent's answers can be heavily influenced by the examiner's attitudes or the test setting. Scoring projective tests is also highly subjective, so interpretations of answers can vary dramatically from one examiner to the next.
Additionally, projective tests lack both validity & reliability.

12. Projective Techniques
General Assessments:
Interview
Observation
Self-report
Projective Techniques
Adv = tailored to the individual’s previous answers
Disadv = low reliability
focus on the # of time a particular behavior occurs – good reliability
10 primary scales measure personality dimensions
used to diagnose psychological disorders
individual provides an interpretation of ambiguous material (subjective)

13. “Characteristic pattern of thinking,
Personality
“Characteristic pattern of thinking,
feeling and acting.”
Four major perspectives on Personality
Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivations
Trait - specific dimensions of personality
Humanistic - inner capacity for growth
Social-Cognitive - influence of environment