2.  Egyptians used this for water.  Irrigation  Bathing  Farming (irrigation)  Cooking  Cleaning

3.  THE NILE  4000 miles long  It begins as 2 separate rivers  1. THE BLUE NILE has its source in the mountains of Eastern Africa.  The WHITE NILE starts in the marshes in central Africa.  The two meet and form the Nile just south of Egypt.

5.  Narrow cliffs and boulders in the Nile form wild rapids called cataracts.  Ships can only use the last 650 miles where it flows through Egypt.

6.  The edge of the nile that opens up into the Mediterranean Sea. The land is very fertile. This is a Delta.

7.  Largest desert in the world.  The Egyptians called the deserts that RED LAND because of their burning heat.  This was a way to keep enemies away from Egypt's territory.

8.  To the far north the Niles Cataracts blocked enemies from reaching by boat.  In the North the Delta marshes offered no harbors for invaders approaching from the sea.

9.  The Mediterranean Sea bordered Egypt to the North.  The Red sea lay beyond the desert to the East.  These bodies of water gave the Egyptians a way to trade with people outside of Egypt.

10.  Was more predictable than those from the Tigris and the Euphrates.  The spring rains and mountain melting snow made the Nile overflow. It left a thick black fertile soil called KEMET. “The BLACK LAND”

11.  They dug basins to trap the water during the flood.  Then they dug trenches from these basins to irrigate their fields.  They planted barley, wheat, flax seeds.

12.  A bucket attached to a long pole to lift water from the Nile to the basin.

13.  The used this to measure and survey their land. To put fields in rows.

14.  A reed plant that grew along the shores of the Nile.  First was used for basket weaving, sandals, and river rafts.  The best know thing it made was paper for writing.

15.  This is a system of writing using hundreds of picture symbols.  Some pictures represented things, others were for sounds much like our alphabet.

16.  An extra amount of something.  Since they had a surplus of food, some people became artisans instead of farmers.  Artisans wove cloth, made pottery, carved statues, or shaped copper into weapons or tools.

17.  The surplus of grain had to be stored and passed out in time of need.  Irrigation systems had to be built and maintained.  Disputes over land ownership had to be settled.

18.  Were village chiefs.  Over time a few strong chiefs united villages into small kingdoms.

19.  Is North in the Nile Delta.  UPPER EGYPT is south

20.  Is also known as Menes  King of upper Egypt led his armies north and took control of Lower Egypt.  Narmer ruled Memphis a city he built to border the 2 kingdoms.

21.  To symbolize the kingdoms unity Narmer wore a double crown.  The WHITE represented Upper Egypt.  The Red represented Lower Egypt

22.  The passing down of power from father to son to grandson.

23.  The OLD KINGDOM  THE MIDDLE KINGDOM  THE NEW KINGDOM

24.  Top were Kings and his family  Next were small upper class of priests, army commanders, and nobles.  Next: larger base of skilled middle class people, such as artisans, traders, shopkeepers.  The bottom: Unskilled workers and farmers.

25.  Upper class lived in cities on large estates, elegant homes made of wood and mud bricks,  Middle Class people who ran businesses or produced goods. Lived in smaller homes dressed simple.

26.  Lower class Lived in one room huts, worked on the land of the wealthy. 