1. Unit 6 Text Analysis Workshop
Grab notebooks!

2. Strong arguments include…
Claim: writer’s position on issue
Support: reasons & evidence to support claim
Counterargument: acknowledges objections the “other side” might make and negates them

3. Steps to Evaluating an Argument
1. Identify the claim
Read through the whole article
Determine the claim, or their opinion
Claim is often stated in form of a generalization, a broad statement covering many situations
Ex of generalization: “Every eligible citizen should be required to vote”

4. Steps to Evaluating an Argument
2. Examine the evidence (how the author supports claim)
Logical Appeals use convincing reasons and evidence to appeal to a person’s logic
Reasons explain why the author holds the opinion, ex: “Citizens should be required to vote because only then will elected officials represent all the people.”
Evidence is specific info that is used to back up a reason.
Types of evidence: facts, statistics (number facts), examples, and quotes by experts
Watch for errors in logic such as hasty generalizations, or conclusions drawn from too little evidence
Ex: Our student body president is doing a terrible job and he is a guy. Boys should not be allowed to run for student council.

5. Steps to Evaluating an Argument
2. Examine the evidence cont.
Emotional Appeals stir feelings, though are not necessarily fact based. Authors use emotional appeal because they know it might override reason
Loaded words-words with strong emotional connotations or associations)
Anecdotes- brief stories or personal accounts of an event.

6. Steps to Evaluating an Argument
3. Consider the counterargument
Has the writer dealt with objections?
Turn to pg. 633
Complete the Close Read questions for Model 1 and Model 2
I MIGHT collect them (Muwhahahaha)

7. Persuasive Techniques
(Otherwise known as: PROPAGANDA)
PROPAGANDA: techniques used to influence opinions, emotions, attitudes or behavior.

8. Who uses propaganda? You and I!!! Military Media Advertisers
Politicians
You and I!!!

9. Propaganda Techniques
Bandwagon Technique
Testimonial
Loaded Word
Misuse of statistics
Appeal to fear
Appeal to pity
Ethical appeal
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Transfer

10. Bandwagon Technique
Everyone is doing it! You should too!!!

11. Testimonial
A famous person endorses a product

12. Loaded Word
Use “loaded” words like . . .
new
improved
best
super

13. Misuse of Statistics
When the statistics are based on a falsehood.

14. Appeal to Fear
Motivates by fear

15. Appeal to pity
Uses strong emotions of sympathy or pity to motivate

16. Ethical Appeal Taps into value’s or moral standards
“If you believe in education, vote against cutting after-school programs. With your help, we can keep these programs going strong.”

17. Plain Folks Makes the leaders look like
common people (mom and pop style).
                                       
                    

18. Transfer -Feelings (good or bad) are transferred to something else.
Transfer tries to make you view something in the same way as they view something else.
In the Kerry vs. Bush campaign, an internet circulated showing similar physical characteristics between John Kerry and a Frankenstein monster.
Another example: “Take pride in being an American. Vote for John Doe!”
                   

19. PRACTICE: What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
B. Loaded word

20. What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
C. Testimonial

21. C. Testimonial

22. Loaded Word

23. What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
A. Bandwagon

24. What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
C. Testimonial

25. What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
Loaded Word

26. What type of propaganda technique is used in the following ad?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
Bandwagon

27. What type of propaganda is this?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
4 out of 5 vets recommend Iams to help your dog live healthier, longer.
Misuse of Statistics

28. What type of propaganda is this?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
Transfer

29. What type of propaganda is this?
Bandwagon
Loaded Words
Testimonial
Name-Calling
Plain Folks
Snob Appeal
Misuse of Statistics
Transfer
Testimonial

30. Turn to pg. 635
Complete the Close Read questions for Model 1 and Model 2

31. Rhetorical Devices Rhetoric- powerful language Rhetorical devices:
Repetition
Parallelism
Analogies
Rhetorical questions

32. Repetition Use same word or words more than once for emphasis
Ex: “Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor.”
---Ronald Regan

33. Parallelism
Uses similar grammatical constructions to express ideas that are related or equal in importance
Often creates a rhythm

34. Analogy Comparison between to things
The captain is to his ship as the leader is to his tribe
Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence. (Sydney J. Harris, "What True Education Should Do," 1964)

35. Rhetorical Questions
Questions asked to make a point with no expectation of an answer
Ex:
"If your friend jumped off the bridge would you do it too?"
"You don't think I'm that stupid, do you?"
"Is the sky blue?"
"Is the Pope Catholic?"

36. Turn to pg. 636
Answer the 2 Close Read Questions for the sample reading