2.  Basic Christian faiths that came out in the former church  Historical evolution with any of the three prime traditions (Orthodox/Catholicism/Protestantism) it can be detected  Comparison among the Christian traditions  Pluralistic attributes of contemporary Christianity

3.  Art  Christians belief  Orthodox Tradition

4.  Music  Expirations  Relaxing

5. l Means “rebirth” l In music history it is considered from c. 1450- 1600 l The age of Columbus, Magellan, Leonardo da Vinci, Copernicus, and Shakespeare. l Era of exploration and discovery, innovation and invention. l Period of humanism, a high value of the personal. l In the classicism of ancient Greece and Rome many others (authors, artists) had a great interest. l Overall, a excellent sense of anticipation prevailed.

6.  A musical idea Polyphonic Imitation which is instantly echoed by some other voice part or instrument  Musical symbolism is used by word-painting to present the significance of the text; madrigal is the most common one.  By the Italian printer, Petrucci the design of Music Printing in 1501  The Rise of Secular Music

7.  Monasteries  Solitary nature Fortress-like  Plain, yet impressive Use of acoustics Very high walls

8.  Stemmed from monasteries  Characterized by high ceilings Grandeur of God Elevation of mankind

9.  Use of wealth To show God’s wonder  Characteristics Light: “God is the light of the world”  Stained Glass  Enhancing natural light  Use of Christ’s Crucifix

10.  French Traditional Gothic  English & Spanish Large interior space  German Attention to towers & spires  Spanish Large interior space (Eng.), use of parapets (Ger.)

11.  Byzantine Chant Scriptures were intonated with formulas that presented the wording of the text  Gregorian Chant Earlier form of music in the Christian Church Rooted in Roman Catholicism Church Modes

12.  Liturgical Dramas Plays linked to liturgy Quem queritis in sepulchro ("Whom do you seek in the tomb") Quem queritis in presepe ("Whom do you seek in the manger") Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)

13.  Ars Antiqua Period of polyphony Motet Trope Cantigas de Santa Maria

14.  Progression of the church building  Factors influencing the architecture of the churches  Transiting worshipping in church from worshipping in house

15.  Architectural style  Romanesque  Eastern Orthodox Christians

16.  Broke free of the design and customs of the former periods.  More common use of polytonality; at once playing together of two keys.  Also, gave direction to atonal—or twelve tone– music.

17.  Use of scales of dissimilar intervals  After Protestant Reformation Roman Catholicism illuminated earlier signs of experimentation  Today experimentation in both Catholic and Protestant church music  While they may be dissimilar, for religious aims each branch of Christianity employs its own pattern of music

18.  Molloy, M., & Hilgers, T. L. (2011). Experiencing the world's religions. (5 ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.  Bower, M. (2008). Modern period. Retrieved from http://www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/ Mike/capmusic/modern/modern.htm

19.  Coulton, G. G. (1958). Medieval faith and symbolism. (pp. xxiii-xxvi). New York, NY: Harper Torchbooks.  Duby, G. (1967). The making of the Christian West. (pp. 110-155). Geneva, Switzerland: Editions d'Art Albert Skira.  Duby, G. (1981). The age of cathedrals. (pp. 97-136). Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press  Gothic architecture. (2012). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topi c/239678/Gothic-architecture http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topi c/239678/Gothic-architecture

20.  Ward-Perkins, J. B. (1994). Studies in Roman and Early Christian Architecture. London: The Pindar Press. pp. 455- 456. Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the world’s religions: Tradition, challenge, and change (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. http://www.sacred-destinations.com/categories/modern- architecture Zhang, J., & Zhou, K. (2008). On Secularization of Western Choral Music. Canadian Social Science, 4(2), 91-95. http://www.sacred-destinations.com/categories/modern- architecture  http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/middle/index.html http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/middle/index.html  http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/middle/index.html http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/middle/index.html  http://www.wwnorton.com/college/music/gro http://www.wwnorton.com/college/music/gro  http://www.essentialhumanities.net/mus3.phput8/ch/04/outline.aspx http://www.essentialhumanities.net/mus3.phput8/ch/04/outline.aspx