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Intro. To Agriscience Unit 1, Section B Mrs. Martin 2012-2013.

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Presentation on theme: "Intro. To Agriscience Unit 1, Section B Mrs. Martin 2012-2013."— Presentation transcript:

1 Intro. To Agriscience Unit 1, Section B Mrs. Martin 2012-2013

2 George Washington Carver Born: Early 1864 Died: January 5, 1943 Was an emancipated slave who worked at the agricultural extension of the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama. Taught former slaves farming techniques for self- sufficiency. Widely credited in American public schools and culture for inventing hundreds of uses for peanuts and other plants to increase profitability of farming.

3 John Deere January 7, 1804 – May 17, 1886 American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded “Deere and Company (one of the largest agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the World). Born in Rutland, VA – Son of William Deere. Raised by his mother in Middlebury, VT after father disappeared en route to London. Received Elementary School education in VT. Served a 4 year blacksmith apprenticeship and entered into his trade in 1825. 1827: Married Demarius Lamb, had 4 children by 1836 with a 5 th on the way.

4 John Deere - Continued Business not doing well and Deere was having trouble with his creditors. Filing bankruptcy, Deere sold shop to his father-in-law and left for Illinois. He left his wife and children behind on the journey with the intention that they would join back up with him at a later time. Deere settled in Grand Detour, Illinois. There were no blacksmiths in the area and Deere had no trouble finding work. He discovered that cast iron plows were not working well in tough prairie soil.

5 John Deere - Continued Deere came to the conclusion that a plow made of highly polished steel and a correctly shaped moldboard (the self-scouring steel plow) would better be able to handle the soil conditions of the prairie – ESPECIALLY sticky clay. 1837: Deere developed and manufactured his first cast- steel plow. Whether or not he was the 1 st to do so is a matter of dispute. 1843: Deere partnered with Leonard Andrus to produce more plows to keep up with demand.

6 John Deere - Continued 1848: Deere dissolved the partnership with Andrus and moved to the transportation hub of Moline, IL near the Mississippi River. 1855: Over 10,000 such plows were sold by Deere’s factory. From the beginning, Deere insisted on making high quality equipment. Quote: “I will never put my name on a product that does not have in it the best that is in me.” As business improved, Deere left the day-to-day operations to son, Charles. 1868: Deere incorporated his business as “Deere & Company”.

7 John Deere - Continued Later in life, Deere focused most of his attention on civil and political affairs. Served as President of the National Bank of Moline Director of the Moline Free Public Library Active member of the First Congressional Church Served as Mayor of Moline for 2 years. Died at home on May 17, 1886. The company’s current slogan is “Nothing Runs Like a Deere” First steel plow sometimes referred to as “The Sod Buster” The plow was meant to be hitched to 1 or more draft animals with the farmer holding onto handles and guiding the plow.

8 Eli Whitney December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825 American inventor and manufacturer. Born in Westborough, Mass. Son of a farmer Graduated from Yale College 1792, was elected Phi Beta Kappa. January 6, 1817: Married Henrietta Edwards; they had 4 children. Died in New Have, CT. Most known for: making upland short cotton profitable inventing the cotton gin designing and manufacturing muskets for the government.

9 Henry Ford July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947 Founder of the Ford Motor Company and the father of the modern assembly line used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. Sole owner of the Ford Motor Company; became one of the richest and best known people in the World. Credited with “Fordism”: The mass production of large numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly line, coupled with high wages for workers. Notably: The $5.00/day pay scale adopted in 1914.

10 Henry Ford - Continued Poorly educated but had a global vision and believed that consumerism was the key to peace. One of the World’s leading pacifists in WWI, but turned the company into a major producer of war materials in both world wars. Had an intense commitment to lowering costs: Resulted in numerous experiments and innovations Franchise system that put a dealership in every city in North America and in major cities on 6 continents.

11 Henry Ford - Continued Arch rival, General Motors jumped ahead in the 1920’s Offered more options to consumers Power Prestige Styling Convenient financing plans. Upon death – Ford left most of his wealth to the Ford Foundation, but arranged for his family to permanently control the company.

12 Thomas Alva Edison February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931 American inventor and businessman; dubbed “The Wizard of Menlo Park” by a newspaper reporter. Was one of the 1 st inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention. Can therefore be credited with the invention of the 1 st industrial research laboratory. Some “inventions” were not his originally, but were improvements to existing/earlier inventions or were actually created by his numerous employees under his direction. Considered one of the most prolific inventors in history Holds 1,097 U.S. patents in his name, as well as many others in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.

13 Jethro Tull 1674 – February 21, 1741 We are not talking about the leader of the rock band “Jethro Tulll” from Blackpool, England. Born in Basildon, Berkshire & died in Shalbourne Was an English agricultural pioneer during the Industrial Revolution and the Agricultural Revolution. Educated at St. John’s College, Oxford and Gray’s Inn. Influenced by the early enlightenment. Considered to be one of the early proponents of a scientific (and especially empirical) approach to agriculture. Helped transform agricultural practices by inventing or improving numerous agricultural implements Most notable: Seed drill – Invented in 1701 when living in Crowmarsh Gifford.

14 Jethro Tull - Continued Before the Seed Drill – Seeds were sewn simply by being cast upon the ground. They either germinated (or failed to germinate) where they landed. Seed drill created a hole of a specific depth, dropped in a seed, and covered it over – Three (3) rows at a time. Resulted in an increased rate of germination and much improved crop yield Up to 8 time more!

15 Jethro Tull - Continued Advocated using horses instead of oxen Invented a horse-drawn hoe for clearing weeds Made changes to the design of the plough which is still visible in modern versions. Interest in plowing derived from his interest in weed- control and his belief that fertilizing was unecessary, as plants obtained nourishment exclusively from nutrients in the soil. He was aware that horse manure carried weed seeds Hoped to avoid using it as fertilizer by pulverizing the soil to enhance the availability of nutrients for plants.

16 Jethro Tull - Continued Tull was wrong about beating up the soil… Nutrients were not “locked up” in the soil and could not be “released” by pulverizing it. His inventions were sometimes controversial and were not widely adopted for many years. He introduced innovations which formed part of the foundation of productive modern agriculture. Tull is buried in the churchyard at St. Bartholomew’s Cathedral in Lower Basildon, Bershire.

17 Andrew Meikle 1719 – November 27, 1811 Early mechanical engineer Credited with inventing the threshing machine (~1786) Used for removing the outer husks from grains of wheat, etc… Occasionally known as a “thrashing machine”. Regarded as one of the key developments of the British Agricultural Revolution in the late 18 th Century. Circa 1772: Invented windmill “spring sails” Replaced the simple canvas designs previously used with sails made from a series of shutters that could be operated by levers Allowed windmill sails to be quickly and safely controlled in the event of a storm.

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