1. Section 1: Invention & Innovations
Chapter 8
Section 1: Invention & Innovations

2. The Industrial Revolution
Began in ______in the 1700’s with changes in the ______ industry
______ began working together in mills using the power of flowing water to power their tools

3. Spinning Jenny, Water frame, & Power loom
Increase efficiency & profits
Steam engine (who invented this? ______)
Pumped water out of mines, ran textile machines, etc

4. The Birth of the US Textile Industry
Textile workers couldn’t move out of ______ & people could send drawings of textile machinery to other countries
Interchangeable Parts- (define)______.

5. Interchangeable Parts
Eli ______
Contract to make 10,000 ______ in 2 years
Took over 10 years & still had flaws
Made all of the parts ______

6. The Cotton Gin Is a machine that ______ Important effects
______ depended on cotton as their major crop
Planters needed more land
Increased the number of ______
Cotton profit skyrocketed

7. Transportation & Communication
Roads
First were carved out of forests
“______ Roads”
Travel was bumpy & uncomfortable

8. River travel
Roads functioned mainly to connect ______
Routes didn’t work both ways
Robert ______ invented the steam boat “Clermont”

9. ______ made it possible for western farmers & southern planters to increase their trade & profits

10. Canals Transport goods ______ on water Built ______ waterways
Most famous was ______ Canal opened in 1825
Links the ______ with the Great Lakes

11. Railroads
Proved more ______
Could ______
1828- first American Railroad began in ______
Baltimore & Ohio (B & O) line
Eventually would put most canals out of business

12. An expanding economy Market revolution
Began ______, borrowing and circulating money and creating wealth
People bought items they made for themselves.

13. Working outside the home
1800’s rise in manufacturing increased the demand for people who would work _____, for a specific number of hours each day & for a certain amount of money
Used the ______ system

14. The Role of Banks
The Rise of the ______ Industry
Appeared in the 1780’s & 1790’s
To start a new bank, what would happen?
Banks made money by doing what?

15. Uncontrolled Lending
1800’s states didn’t restrict banks’ run away lending
Often made ______ to people who couldn’t pay them back
If a bank doesn’t have enough money, it could lead to ______

16. If a bank couldn’t meet the ______ needs, it would go out of business
Led to ______

17. The Northern Section Section 2
Two regions
Populous northeast- ______
Old Northwest- ______

18. Farming in the Old Northwest
Ideal growing ground for corn, wheat, & other grains
New innovations
John Deere’s ______ could cut through the heavy soil

19. ______ mechanical reaper made harvesting grains less labor intensive & more profitable
Farmers had to use the grains quickly or they would spoil
Fed to animals that produced other things

20. The Growth of Cities Many people moved looking for ______
______ life differed greatly from the colonial times
Workers spent more time away from the household

21. Families often had no support in times of need
Filled by hospitals & schools
Growing number of urban poor people lived in areas with ______
Known as ______

22. Cities couldn’t handle the rapid ______
Many lacked ______
These urban areas acquired wealth & political influence gained from being creators of industry

23. Labor disputes in factories
Early industries aimed to make a profit at ______
Paid little & didn’t provide a healthy working environment
Workers go on ______

24. The First Labor Unions
National Trades Union 1834
300,000 people joined ______ by 1830’s
Soon died out
Factory owners obtained ______